Book and Jurnal

“GIS for Climate Change” ESRI Best Practices e-Book, 2nd Edition

2010-02-26T05:49:00.001-08:00

"GIS for Climate Change" is second edition free best practices e-book of ESRI . This ESRI second edition features a new introduction by ESRI president Jack Dangermond and Dr. James Baker of the William J. Clinton Foundation. Articles include:

The Nature Conservancy Deploys ESRI Technology for Climate Trend Analysis

Assessing Economic Biomass Resources in California with GIS

Carbon Nation

Building an Oasis in the Desert

Conserving Bolivia’s Critical Resources

Mapping the Solar Potential of Rooftops

Harvesting Efficiently Using Mobile GIS

Mapping the Ayles Ice Shelf Break

National Carbon Sequestration (NatCarb)

Renewable Energy—No Longer the Impossible Dream!

Westchester County’s Green Map Aids County Global Warming Task Force Plans

Download the free e-book of GIS for Climate Change ESRI second edition [PDF]

Print Publications of Geo International (June 2008)

2008-07-28T07:35:00.001-07:00

An Interview With Mladen Stojic
What is in a name? Geo:Connexion Investigates ERDAS, Inc.

Towards SDI In A Small Economy – Greenland
Martin Bjærge Jensen and Karl Brix Zinglersen present the case for Greenland’s national geospatial web Portal

Agroview - GIS Software For EU Farmers
GAF AG’s Agroview assists more than 24,000 farmers in managing agricultural subsidy applications

Cross Domain Spatial Data Infrastructure
Chris Tucker looks at spatial data infrastructure implementation across domains

Cell-based Model For GIS Generalization

2008-04-02T17:59:00.001-07:00

Author:
Bo Li, Graeme G. Wilkinson & Souheil Khaddaj

Abstract.

Generalization is perhaps the most intellectually challenging task for cartographers. It has proved to be very difficult to automate. In this paper, a cell-based model is applied to GIS generalization, which represents a new methodology within the GIS context. Cellular Automata (CA) has found a place in many interesting real world applications, including the modeling and simulation of numerous systems, across many disciplines. CA has a number of unique advantages in geographical and environmental modeling. Thus, it has attracted growing attention in urban simulation because of its potential in spatial modeling. Geographical phenomena have extremely complex characteristics as a result of interactions among different components in a study area. CA provides a promising new approach to simulate and understand spatial phenomena. In this study, which is based on CA techniques, an extended neighborhood algorithm is used in the cell-based model to automatically generalize raster thematic maps derived from classified satellite images. An example of generalizing a land use map of Lisbon Bay in Portugal is given, which gives satisfactory results.

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http://www.geocomputation.org/2001/papers/li.pdf

Technorati Tags: Cell-Based,GIS Generalizaton,Cellular Automata,CA,CA Technique

Markov Model and Cellular Automata for Vegetation

2008-03-04T17:14:00.001-08:00

Author:

Cheng-Liang Chang,

Jui-Chin Chang

Original Tittle:

Applications of Markov Model and Cellular Automata for Vegetation Recovery Simulation: A Case Study of Mount Jiou Jiou Area

Abstract:

The recovery of vegetation is the most significant landscape in the terrestrial globe. In recent years it has been changed rapidly due to human socio-economic growth and environmental impact. Therefore, many research methods have been applied so as to comprehend and forecast these dynamic changes. This paper intends to apply some of theses methods and processes to quantify the change of vegetation recovery in Mount Jiou Jiou area. First of all, the graphic data of study area is collected by using the SPOT satellite images of four representative periods (Mar.1999, Oct.1999, Nov.2002 and Nov.2005). Subsequently the vegetation types and their changes are examined through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis. Second, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is adopted to recognize the distributions of different vegetation types, characteristics of topography and their correlation. Finally, by combining the methods of Markov chains and Cellular automata this study models and simulates the spatio-temporal change of vegetation recovery. The results can be summarized as follow: (1) After 921 earthquake, 80% of vegetation on Mount Jiou Jiou area was destroyed seriously in 1999, therefore the index of NDVI was very low. After that, the vegetation is recovered gradually for recent years under stable weather conditions. (2) The healing situation of vegetation is intensely affected by geomorphologic factors, such as height, slope and aspect. (3).After comparing two models testing, the present study shows that CA-Markov model is more suitable for simulating the change trend of vegetation recovery.

Language:

Chinese

Publisher:

Journal of Geographical Research No.45, November 2006

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Technorati Tags: Markov Model,Cellular Automata,Vegetation Recovery

APPLICATION OF MARKOV CHANGE DETECTION TECHNIQUE FOR DETECTING LANDSAT ETM DERIVED LAND COVER CHANGE OVER BANTEN BAY

2008-03-01T06:48:00.001-08:00

Author:

Antonius B. Wijanarto
Geomatics Researcher of BAKOSURTANAL-Indonesia

Abstarct:

Change detection is one of multi temporal analysis in remote sensing that is important for studying the dynamics of environment. Change detection is useful in many applications such as land use changes, habitat fragmentation, rate of deforestation, coastal change, urban sprawl, and other cumulative changes through spatial and temporal analysis techniques such as GIS and Remote Sensing along with digital image processing technique. Markov Change Detection is one
application of change detection that can be used to predict future changes based on the rates of past change. The method is based on probability that a given piece of land will change from one mutually exclusive state to another. These probabilities are generated from past changes and then applied to predict future change.

Publisher:

Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol. 12, No. 1 Agustus 2006

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Technorati Tags: Markov Chain,Landsat ETM,Land Cover,Banten Bay,Multi Temporal Analysis,Habitat Fragmentation,Deforestation,Coastal Change,Urban Sprawl,GIS and Remote Sensing,Image Processing

MULTISCALE ADVANCED RASTER MAP ANALYSIS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT

2008-03-01T02:50:00.001-08:00

Author:

G.P. Patil

Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics
Department of Statistics
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
http://www.stat.psu.edu/~gpp

Content:

Multiple and Single Raster Map Analysis

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Setting the Geospatial Raster Stage

1.3 Digital FrontierMovement in Federal Government

1.4 Digital ResearchMovement in Academic Community

1.5 Prospectus

Inhouse Prototype Studies and Interactive Case Studies
Ecosystem Health Assessment of Landscapes and Watersheds with Remote
Sensing Data
Landscape Patterns and Their Comparison
Classified Raster Map Modeling and Simulation with Hierarchical Markov
Transition Matrix Models
Classified Raster Map Analysis for Assessment of Accuracy and Change Detection
of Landcover and Landuse Maps
Analyzing Spatial Variation in Quantitative Data and Determining Contexts
of Temporal Changes and Class Errors Using Echelon Analysis
Integrated Regional Assessment, Model Prediction and Regional Scale Comparison
Involving Classified Raster Maps
Information Visualization, Understanding and Communication
Pattern-Based Compression of Remotely Sensed Multi-band Image Data
Synergistic Workplan
Knowledge Sharing and Technology Transfer
References

Publisher:

stat.psu.edu

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Environmental Mapping Based on Spatial Variability

2008-03-01T02:05:00.001-08:00

Author:

Nelley Kovalevskaya and Vladimir Pavlov

Abstract:

Environmental maps show the probable environmental states of different types of land use or development of landscape in a geographic context. Remotely sensed data are particularly efficient for environmental mapping in order to outline major environmental types. Multiple schemes of image classification used in environmental mapping are either traditionally statistical or heuristic. While the former methods do not take account of spatial variability in space and aerial data, the latter ones does not lend themselves to optimal solutions we present. Novel probabilistic models of piecewise-homogeneous images are used in environmental mapping to segment real images. The models consider both an image and a land cover map. Such a pair constitutes an example of a Markov random field specified by a joint Gibbs probability distribution of images and maps. Parameters of the model are estimated by using a stochastic approximation technique. Its convergence to the desired values is studied experimentally. Addition of spatial attributes appears to be necessary in most areas where the differences in spatial data between regions in the image occur. Experiments in generating the pairs of images and environmental maps and in segmenting the simulated as well as real images are discussed.

Publisher:

Journal of Environmental Quality 31:1462-1470 (2002)
© 2002

Article Credit:

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Technorati Tags: Environmental Maps,Types of Land Use,Traditional Statistical,Heusristic,Aerial Data,Gibbs Probability,Stochastic Approximation Technique,Real Images

GIS and remote sensing as tools for the simulation of urban land-use change

2008-03-01T01:43:00.001-08:00

Author:

CLAUDIA MARIA DE ALMEIDA
ANTONIO MIGUEL VIEIRA MONTEIRO
GILBERTO CAMARA
BRITALDO SILVEIRA
SOARES-FILHO
GUSTAVO COUTINHO CERQUEIRA
CASSIO LOPES PENNACHIN
MICHAEL BATTY

Abstract:

This paper is concerned with building up methodological guidelines for modelling urban land-use change through Geographical Information Systems, remote sensing imagery and Bayesian probabilistic methods. A medium-sized town in the west of Sa˜o Paulo State, Bauru, was adopted as a case study. Its urban structure was converted into a 100m6100m resolution grid and transition probabilities were calculated for each grid cell by means of the ‘weights of evidence’ statistical method and upon the basis of the information related to the technical infrastructure and socio-economic aspects of the town. The probabilities obtained from there fed a cellular automaton simulation model—DINAMICA—developed by the Centre for Remote Sensing of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (CSR-UFMG), based on stochastic transition algorithms. Different simulation outputs for the case study town in the period 1979–1988 were generated, and statistical validation tests were then conducted for the best results, employing a multiple resolution fitting procedure. This modelling experiment revealed the plausibility of adopting Bayesian empirical methods based on the available knowledge of technical infrastructure and socio-economic status to simulate urban land-use change. It indicates their possible further applicability for generating forecasts of growth trends both for Brazilian cities and cities world-wide.

Publisher:

International Journal of Remote Sensing
Vol. 26, No. 4, 20 February 2005, 759–774

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Technorati Tags: Markov Chain,Automata Cellular,Simulation Tools,Land Use Change

Three-dimensional modelling of thrust-controlled foreland basin stratigraphy

2008-03-01T01:15:00.001-08:00

Abstract:

In this thesis a tectono-sedimentary forward model has been presented, devised to simulate sediment erosion and deposition in a coupled drainage basin - foreland system, as well as accumulating a three-dimensional stratigraphy.

The aim of the research was to investigate which features recorded in the foreland basin architecture are diagnostic of the balance and interplay between two main external forcings: repeated tectonic activity and eustatic sea-level variation. Special attention has been paid to differences in stacking patterns of fluvial depositional systems and the character of the sequence-bounding unconformities.

The sediment yield generated by fluvial bedrock erosion in the orogenic drainage basins has the typically asymmetrical shape of a response curve (Chapter 2). Yield gradually increases during tectonic activity, and declines exponentially during tectonic quiescence. Syn-tectonic yields are increasing, but they are not sufficient to completely fill the accommodation space created in the adjacent foreland basin due to flexural response upon active tectonic thrust loading. As a result and counter-intuitively, deposition of alluvial fan gravels in the foreland basin retreats during tectonic activity, whereas progradation is characteristic of phases of tectonic quiescence and reduced flexural subsidence. A history of pulsating tectonic activity is reflected in the alluvial architecture of the basin as a succession of coarsening-up, prograding gravel sheets that laterally connect during quiescence, and alternate with basin-wide onlap of fine-grained sediments marking renewed tectonic activity.

The experiments of Chapter 3 show that there are two contrasting types of sequence boundaries developed in the alluvial stratigraphy when a eustatic sea-level variation is superposed upon the alternation of tectonic activity and subsidence:

A) During intervals of tectonic activity, eustatic fall and rise of sea level form prograding, shallowing up sequences, which are bounded by Type-2 unconformities and subsequent flooding surfaces. The syn-tectonic, high flexural subsidence rates prohibit the sea level to drop below the delta break in slope, safeguarding the stratigraphy from severe incision.
B) During intervals of tectonic quiescence, Type-1 unconformities are formed, because eustatic falls now drop below the delta break in slope, as they are no longer compensated by the subsidence component in relative sea level. Because multiple eustatic sea-level cycles may occur during a quiescence interval, the resulting Type-1 unconformity at the base of the delta-top sheet sandstone can be a composite and therefore poor time marker.

The suites of amalgamating, axial channel belts that characterize this delta top sheet sandstone have a preference for the depression between the basin-margin alluvial fans and the conical delta surface that was formed during a previous tectonic phase.

Similar suites of amalgamating axial channel belts are created when the foreland basin is detached from its substratum by a hinterland-dipping sole thrust and transformed into a thrust-sheet top basin (Chapter 4). In the light of these model results the Eocene Castissent Formation in the Pyrenean Tremp Basin, previously interpreted as a incised valley system, is explained as a phase of moderate tectonic reduction of the accommodation space. This mechanism explains the continuous marine influence on the delta plain simultaneous with a forced regression and increased sandstone interconnectedness at the cost of fine-grained intervals.

Publisher: Three-dimensional modelling of thrust-controlled foreland basin stratigraphy / Quintijn Clevis - [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003 - Tekst. - Proefschrift Universiteit Utrecht

NBC: 38.41: sedimentatie

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Title

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Numerical modelling of drainage basin evolution and three-dimensional alluvial fan stratigraphy

Chapter 3: Differentiating the effect of tectonic pulsation and eustatic sea-level fluctuation in foreland basins filled by alluvial fans and axial deltaic systems

Chapter 4: Stratigraphic signatures of translation of thrust-sheet top basins over low-angle detachment faults

Chapter 5: Stratigraphic modelling using CHILD 105

Chapter 6: Conclusions

References

Samenvatting

Dankwoord-Acknowledgements

Curriculum Vitae

Volledig proefschrift (51.142 kB)

Technorati Tags: stratigraphic simulation,3D grainsize distribution,alluvial fan,longitudinal delta,incised valleys

Decision Support System (DSS) for Sustainable Watershed Management in Dong Nai Watershed, Vietnam: Conceptual Framework and Proposed Research Techniques

2008-03-01T00:16:00.001-08:00

Author:

Ngyyen Kim Loi
Watershed and Environmental Management,
Nong Lam University (NLU), Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNA

Abstract:

Decision makers today need to be able to rapidly find good solutions to increasingly complex problems. Optimization based on decision support system (DSS) can help decision makers to meet this challenge. Building such systems, however, is expensive and time consuming.The use of decision support system (DSS), linear programming (LP), and geographic information system (GIS) for sustainable watershed management in Dong Nai watershed is presented. A general statement of system requirement for DSS has been conceptualized to provide a set of core requirement and behavior for DSS for mutil-criteria decision
making in sustainable watershed management. Classes of decision elements for the analysis of decision problems and of other DSS components are identified. This paper investigated also how demographic (socioeconomic) and land-use (physical and environmental) data can be integrated within a multi-scaled decision
support system framework to formulate and evaluate land-use planning scenarios. A case study approach is undertaken using ‘what-if’ planning scenarios for a Dong Nai Watershed, Vietnam. This paper has not only briefly outlined the three future land use scenarios comprised within the framework but also has generally methodology in developing decision support system (DSS) for sustainable land use allocation. Scenario A - ‘Future trend scenario’ is based on existing socio-economic trends. Scenario B – ‘Maximization land allocation scenario’ will be derived using maximizing modelling of land valuation data. Scenario C –
‘Sustainable Development’ will be derived using a number of environmental layers and assigning weightings of importance to each layer using a multiple criteria analysis (MCA) approach. The ‘what-if’ planning scenarios was expected through the use of maps and tables within a geographical information system (GIS), which delineate future possible land-use location - allocations. Each of the scenarios and their underlying model will be applied to the Dong Nai watershed, Vietnam.

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Technorati Tags: Decision support system (DSS),Sustainable watershed management,Dong Nai Watershed,Vietnam

Estimation of Chlorophyll Concentration in Lakes and Inland Seas From Near-infrared and Red Spectral Signature

2008-01-31T07:47:00.001-08:00

Author : Kazuo Oki, Yoshifumi Yasuoka, and K. Tokumura

Content:

Chlorophyll-a Estimation Model,
Spectral Reflectance at Lake,
Measurement of Spectral Reflectance,
Remove the Effect of Specular Reflection,
Specular Reflection Model,

Abstract A remote sensing method to estimate distribution of rich chlorophyll concentration in takes or inland seas in proposed. First, the basic relationship the chlorophyll concentration and the spectral reflectance of water was investigated. As a result, chlorophyll estimation model was derived using the ratio of spectral reflectance at two different wavelengths of 675 nm (red range) and 700 nm (near-infrared range). It was found that the spectral signature of near infrared range is investigate the behaviour of the proposed model was used in rich chlorophyll water types. Furthermore, the amount of specular reflection from the water surface was assessed based on the spectral signature data measured above and below the water surface. The percentage of specular reflection was evaluated at least 20% of the total radiance at the surface within the range of 400nm. Finally a method to remove the effect of specular reflection at the water surface was investigated for the proposed model. The model for specular reflection was proposed to eliminate its effect and to improve chlorophyll estimation accuracy.

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Technorati Tags: Chlorophyll-a Estimation Model,Spectral Reflectance at Lake,Measurement of Spectral Reflectance,Remove the Effect of Specular Reflection

CHANGE DETECTION IN LAND USE AND LAND COVER USING REMOTE SENSING DATA AND GIS

2008-01-31T07:05:00.001-08:00

Author:
ZUBAIR, AYODEJI OPEYEMI

ABSTRACT
This project examines the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use Land Cover in Ilorin between 1972 and 2001 so as to detect the changes that has taken place in this status between these periods. Subsequently, an attempt was made at projecting the observed land use land cover in the next 14 years. In achieving this, Land Consumption Rate and Land Absorption Coefficient were introduced to aid in the quantitative assessment of the change. The result of the work shows a rapid growth in built-up land between 1972 and 1986 while the periods between 1986 and 2001 witnessed a reduction in this class. It was also observed that change by 2015 may likely follow the trend in 1986/2001. Suggestions were therefore made at the end of the work on ways to use the information as contained therein optimally.

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY,
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
OCTOBER, 2006

Free Donwload Link to Article: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/thesis/OpeyemiZubair_ThesisPDF.pdf

Technorati Tags: GIS and Remote Sensing,Mapping Land,Land Cover,Land Consumption Rate,Land Absorption Coefficient

SEASONAL VARIABILITY IN SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE FOR DISCRIMINATING GRASSLANDS ALONG A DRY-MESIC GRADIENT IN SWITZERLAND

2008-01-31T06:54:00.001-08:00

Author :

Achilleas Psomas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Mathias Kneubühler, Tobias Kellenbergerand Klaus Itten

ABSTRACT
Dry grasslands in Switzerland are species-rich habitats resulting from a traditional agricultural land use. Almost 40% of plant and in some cases over 50% of the animal species present on dry grasslands are included in the red lists, and are classified as endangered or threatened. Furthermore, it is estimated that about 90% of dry grassland in Switzerland have been transformed to other land cover types over the past 60 years. Existing grasslands are managed differently depending on the region and the lower-altitude communities range from very dry and nutrient-poor to mesic and nutrient-rich conditions. There is a need to better understand the seasonal variation of the reflectance properties of these grassland ecosystems in order to develop efficient and reliable tools for mapping, evaluating and monitoring within the framework of a national inventory. In this study, we examined the potential use of remote sensing for monitoring the development of these grasslands during their growing season. In addition, we investigated the optimal points in time during the growing season for discriminating the different grassland types spectrally. For this purpose a field spectrometer, the Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec Pro FR, was used to collect reflectance data from 12 sample fields (4 grassland types) in 12 time steps at the Cantons of Aargau and Chur. The measurements examined were from the beginning of March until the beginning of October 2004. The 4 grassland types cover the wetness / nutrient gradient. The revisiting period of the sample areas was approximately 10-14 days depending on the weather conditions. Analysis for statistically significant differences in reflectance was performed between the vegetation types during the growing season. Continuum removal analysis was used as a spectral transformation method in addition to the original reflectance spectra. After the statistical significant bands between the grassland types were found, Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were used to select the bands that could optimally be used to discriminate the different types. Finally, using the bands selected from the CART analysis, the separability of the grassland types during the season was estimated using the Jeffries-Matusita (JM) distance. Our results demonstrate that there is seasonal variation in the spectral reflectance of the grasslands. Furthermore, the potential of using spectral information for discriminating different grassland types changes during the growing period.

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EARSeL eProceedings

Technorati Tags: Field Spectrometer Measurements,Species Richness,Grasslands,Continuum Removal,Seasonal Variability,CART,Spectral Reflectance

Remote Sensing Techniques for Mangrove Mapping

2008-01-31T06:32:00.001-08:00

By : Chaichoke Vaiphasa

Content :

Remote sensing for mangrove studies
Hyperspectral remote sensing for mangrove discrimination
Burdens of hyperspectral data
Dimensionality problems
Noise levels
mangrove-environment relationships
Hyperspectral Data for Mangrove Discrimination
Acquisition of hyperspectral data
Spectral Smoothing
Smoothing techniques (Moving average, Savitzky-Golay)
Hyperspectral data collection
Experimental use of smoothing filters (Statistical comparisons , Spectral separability analysis)
Ecological Data Integration (Ecological data collection, Mangrove sampling)
Input data for the post-classifier (Soil pH interpolation, Plant-environment relationships, The classified image)
The post-classifier
Hyperspectral data for mangrove discrimination
Utilizing mangrove-environment relationships

Abstract :

Mangroves, important components of the world’s coastal ecosystems, are threatened by the expansion of human settlements, the boom in commercial aquaculture, the impact of tidal waves and storm surges, etc. Such threats are leading to the increasing demand for detailed mangrove maps for the purpose of measuring the extent of the decline of mangrove ecosystems. Detailed mangrove maps at the community or species level are, however, not easy to produce, mainly because mangrove forests are very difficult to access. Without doubt, remote sensing is a serious alternative to traditional field-based methods for mangrove mapping, as it allows information to be gathered from the forbidding environment of mangrove forests, which otherwise, logistically and practically speaking, would be extremely difficult to survey. Remote sensing applications for mangrove mapping at the fundamental level are already well established but, surprisingly, a number of advanced remote sensing applications have remained unexplored for the purpose of mangrove mapping at a finer level. Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to unveil the potential of some of the unexplored remote sensing techniques for mangrove studies. Specifically, this thesis focuses on improving class separability between mangrove species or community types. It is based on two important ingredients:
(i) the use of narrow-band hyperspectral data, and
(ii) the integration of ecological knowledge of mangroveenvironment relationships into the mapping process.
Overall, the results of this study reveal the potential of both ingredients. They show that delicate spectral details of hyperspectral data and the spatial relationships between mangroves and their surrounding environment help to improve mangrove class separability at the species level. Despite the optimism generated by the overall results, it was found that appropriate data treatments and analysis techniques such as spectral band selection and noise reduction were still required to harness essential information from both hyperspectral and ecological data. Thus, some aspects of these data treatments and analysis techniques are also presented in this thesis. Finally, it is hoped that the methodology presented in this thesis will prove useful and will be followed for producing mangrove maps at a finer level.

ISBN: 90-8504-353-0
ITC Dissertation Number: 129
International Institute for Geo-information Science & Earth Observation,
Enschede, The Netherlands
© 2006 Chaichoke Vaiphasa

Free Download Link: http://library.wur.nl/wda/dissertations/dis3897.pdf (1.55 MB)

Technorati Tags: Remote Sensing Thesis,Mangrove Mapping,Statistical GIS,Hyperspectral Data,Mangrove Maps

Free Downloadable Journal of Geographical Information Systems for Aquaculture

2008-01-30T03:09:00.001-08:00

Below are some of Free Journal GIS and Remote Sensing Article compile from GISAP

Ross, L.G., Mendoza QM, E.A., & Beveridge, M.C.M. 1993. The application of geographical information systems to site selection for coastal aquaculture: an example base on salmonid cage culture. Aquaculture, 112, 165-178.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. and Ross, L.G. 1993. Aquaculture development and Geographical Information Systems. Mapping Awareness and GIS Europe. 7 (4) 49-52.	Download (PDF)
Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 1995. Is a better strategy necessary for development of native species for aquaculture? A Mexican case study. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. 26: 539-547.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., and Ross, L.G. 1995. Managing Aquaculture Development: The role of GIS in environmental studies for aquaculture. GIS World. 8: (3), 52-56.	Download (PDF)
Nath, S.S, Bolte, J.P., Ross, L.G. and Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. 2000. Applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) For Spatial Decision Support in Aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering. 23: 233-278.	Download (PDF)
M. Abdus Salam, Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2000. Eco-tourism to protect the reserve mangrove forest of the Sundarbans and its flora and fauna. Anatolia. 11: (1), 56-66.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C., Beveridge, M.C.M. and Ross, L.G. 2002. Geographical information systems (GIS) as a simple tool to aid modelling of particulate waste distribution at marine fish cage sites. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 54: 761-768.	Download (PDF)
Perez, O.M., Telfer, T.C and Ross, L.G. 2002. Optimización de la acuicultura marina de jaulas flotantes en Tenerife, Islas Canarias, mediante el uso de modelos basados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Revista AquaTIC. 17: October 2002.	Download (PDF)
Salam, M. A., Ross, L.G., and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2003. A comparison of development opportunities for crab and shrimp aquaculture in South-western Bangladesh, using GIS modelling. Aquaculture. 220: 477-494.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., del Campo Barquin, L.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2003. Water quality requirements for marine fish cage site selection in Tenerife (Canary Islands): predictive modelling and analysis using GIS. Aquaculture. 224: 51-68.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. On the calculation of wave climate for offshore cage culture site selection: A case study in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Aquacultural Engineering. 29: 1-21.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O. M. Telfer, T. C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. Use of GIS-based models for integrating and developing marine fish cages within the tourism industry in Tenerife (Canary Islands).	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2005. Geographical information systems-based models for offshore floating marine fish cage aquaculture site selection in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Aquaculture Research. 36: 946-961.	Download (PDF)
Corner, R.A., Brooker, A., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2006. A fully integrated GIS-based model of particulate waste distribution from marine fish-cage sites. Aquaculture. 258, 299-311.	Download (PDF)

Technorati Tags: GISAP,Free Downloadable Journal,selection for coastal aquaculture,GIS Europe

S-Distance: Free GIS Software for Decission Support System

2008-01-21T06:23:00.001-08:00

Introduction:

S-Distance is a software being developed in the Laboratory of Spatial Analysis, GIS and Thematic Mapping in the Department of Planning and Regional Development (DPRD) at University of Thessaly in Greece. The sole developer of the project is Stavros Sirigos, under the close supervision of assistance professor Yorgos N. Photis.

S-Distance is a standalone Spatial Decision Support System, mainly focused on location-allocation analysis. While still being in an early stage, the software is functional and has been tested on many classical Operation Research instances, as well as on several real-world problems. S-Distance is currently being created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and is intended to be used for educational purposes only.

S-Distance Spatial Deccision Support:

S-Distance is an independent Spatial Decision Support System, which incorporates an interactive solution process within a simplified GIS framework. S-Distance offers:

a simple, yet effective graphical user interface (GUI)

interactivity during algorithm execution / visualization of the solution process

dynamic graphical support of the generated and/or modified solutions

straight-forward creation and evaluation of different solutions (both numerically and graphically)

results export in field format

Location-Allocation Analsis of S-Distance:

S-Distance offers a number of heuristics to solve classical location-allocation discrete and network problems, including:

p-median
p-center
maximal covering
multi-objective

In the current version of the software, implemented solution techniques include:

greedy and randomized algorithms
local search heuristics
metaheuristics
lagrange relaxation

S-Distance can import Dbase (*.dbf) databases with network/point topology

All Pairs Shortest Paths calculation using Dijkstra's (2-ary heap) or Floyd's algorithms, for network problems.

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Applications Of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) For Spatial Decision Support In Aquaculture

2008-01-15T02:04:00.001-08:00

AUTHOR:

Shree S.
Nath
John P. Bolte
Lindsay G. Ross
Jose
Aguilar-Manjarrez

ABSTRACT:
Geographical information systems (GIS) are becoming an increasingly integral component of natural resource management activities worldwide. However, despite some indication that these tools are receiving attention within the aquaculture community, their deployment for spatial decision support in this domain continues to be very slow. This situation is attributable to a number of constraints including a lack of appreciation of the technology, limited understanding of GIS principles and associated methodology, and inadequate organizational commitment to ensure continuity of these spatial decision support tools. This paper analyzes these constraints in depth, and includes reviews of basic GIS terminology, methodology, case studies in aquaculture and future trends. The section on GIS terminology addresses the two fundamental types of GIS (raster and vector), and discusses aspects related to the visualization of outcomes. With regard to GIS methodology, the argument is made for close involvement of end users, subject matter specialists and analysts in all projects. A user-driven framework, which involves seven phases, to support this process is presented together with details of the degree of involvement of each category of personnel, associated activities and analytical procedures. The section on case studies reviews in considerable detail four aquaculture applications which are demonstrative of the extent to which GIS can be deployed, indicate the range in complexity of analytical methods used, provide insight into

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Technorati Tags: GIS for Aquaculture, GIS, Aquaculture

Sabah shoreline management plan (Borneo, Malaysia): Ecosystems and pollution

2007-11-26T10:43:00.001-08:00

Author :
Flemming Jakobsen
Neil Hartstein,
Julien Frachisse, T
ania Golingi

Institution:
DHI Water & Environment (M) Sdn. Bhd., 11th Floor, Hill-View Side, Wisma Perindustrian, Jalan Istiadat, Likas, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Abstract:
The management of the coastline around Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) faces numerous conflicting interests from the public, private and industry groups. The public demands socio-economic growth, sustainable development and preservation of natural resources while the private sector and industry demand local coastal protection and often reckless development. Subsequently, there are numerous
multi-disciplinary conflicts across user groups, over the use of coastal resources. To resolve these issues the creation of a management plan for Sabah’s coastline has been initiated. A baseline was established from historical investigations, data collection and using a combination of visual inspections and photos. Understanding of the physical, chemical and biological processes involved as well as the dynamics of the integrated processes and a holistic impact assessment is also required. To do so numerical models were used to integrate available information and knowledge and to hind-cast and now-cast conditions and predict the consequences of different development scenarios. In some cases the models results needed further detailed analysis in combination with specific knowledge on local habitats to determine the impacts. The focus of the paper is on the integration of information, but some details are also given on the important conflicts and habitat threats.

Publisher :
r 2006 Elsevier Ltd.

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INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY OF THE KUROSHIO CURRENT INTRUSION IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

2007-11-26T10:32:00.001-08:00

Author :
Michael J. Caruso,
Robert C. Beardsley and,
Glen G. Gawarkiewicz

Abstract:
The interannual variability of the Kuroshio Current intrusion into the South China Sea is investigated using a combination of satellite remote sensing data and in situ measurements. This research was conducted as part of the Asian Seas International Acoustic EXperiment (ASIAEX). The circulation of the South China Sea has been studied for years and is predominantly wind-forced by the northeast winter and southwest summer monsoons. There remains some uncertainty to the interannual nature of the circulation and the effect of Kuroshio intrusions on mesoscale features in the northeast South China Sea. Satellite observations of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Sea Surface Height Anomalies (SSHA) from TOPEX/Poseidon are used to analyze the interannual variability in the intrusion and the effect on the region. Analysis of SST and SSHA shows the formation of a Kuroshio Intrusion varies considerably each winter. Since the circulation in the South China Sea is primarily wind-driven, ocean surface wind vectors from the NASA QuikSCAT satellite scatterometer are used to evaluate the relationship between wind stress or wind stress curl and the intensity of the winter Kuroshio Intrusion into the South China Sea.

Institution:
Department of Physical Oceanography Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02540 (mcaruso@whoi.edu)

Publisher:
Gayana 68(2) supl. t.I. Proc. : 91-95, 2004 ISSN 0717-652X

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Remote sensed and in situ constraints on processes affecting tropical tropospheric ozone

2007-11-19T23:05:00.001-08:00

Author:
B. Sauvage ; R. V. Martin ; A. van Donkelaar ; X. Liu ; K. Chance ; L. Jaeglé ; P. I. Palmer ; S. Wu ; T.-M. Fu

Abstract:
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O₃, NO₂, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O₃, CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O₃ from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NO_x and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O₃ in the upper troposphere by 5-20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1-4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O₃ columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO₂ and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide top-down constraints on emission inventories of NO_x (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The top-down biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NO_x over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O₃ by 5-20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O₃ columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dynamical schemes (GEOS-3 and GEOS-4) is evaluated versus observations; GEOS-4 better represents O₃ observations by 5-15 ppbv, reflecting enhanced convective detrainment in the upper troposphere. Heterogeneous uptake of HNO₃ on aerosols reduces simulated O₃ by 5-7 ppbv, reducing a model bias versus in situ observations over and downwind of deserts. Exclusion of HO₂ uptake on aerosols increases O₃ by 5 ppbv in biomass burning regions, reducing a model bias versus MOZAIC aircraft measurements.

Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Issn: 16807316
EIssn: 16807324
Year: 2007
Volume: 7
Issue: 3

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Technorati : GEOS-3, GEOS-4, GEOS-Chem, MOZAIC

Presentation of geological date in Geographic information systems

2007-11-19T22:45:00.001-08:00

Author: Blišťan Peter

Abstract:

Thematic maps, models and space simulations 3D are frequent form of geological data in GIS. Thematic maps and spatial should represent models date quantitative and qualitative measurement and ground laboratory study in an appropriate form. Point line of the use of trademarks and form of qualitative dates in a practice.On creating thematic maps, models and computer simulations to work together. Researchers and engineers from various special-oriented (geologist, surveyors, builder, ecology, programmer) working together on the creation of thematic maps, the different models and computer simulation. It is important that all the directions and methodological principles were observed in the creation of GIS because GIS can be accumulated in practice not to use.

Journal: Acta Montanistica Slovaca Year: 2007 Vol: 12 Issue: speci 3

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Technorati : geology ; data ; Geographic information systems ; model ; simulation ; thematic maps

NeuroTerrain – a client-server system for browsing 3D biomedical image data sets

2007-11-19T22:30:00.001-08:00

Author:
Gustafson Carl ;
Bug William ;
Nissanov Jonathan

Abstract

Background

Biomedical three-dimensional images sets are becoming ubiquitous, and the atlas canonical providing the framework for spatial analysis. To take full advantage of this 3D image sets, we must be able to present the views 2D display, or the surface of records or 2D cross-sections through the data. Typical of the software is limited to presentations on one of the three orthogonal axes anatomical (coronal, sagittal or horizontal). However, the data sets specifically oriented along the major roads are rare. To make full use of these data, one must reasonably reflect the atlas guidance, which implies resampling in the atlas planes compared with the data set. Traditionally, this requires the atlas and the browser are on the user's desktop, unfortunately, in addition to being monolithic programs, these tools often require substantial resources. In this article, we describe a network capable, and client part of the deal and 3D visualization atlases at off-axis angles, with a score of architecture and development kit to facilitate their integration in complex environments data analysis.

Results

Here, we describe the basic architecture of a client / server 3D visualization system, consisting of a thin client built on a Java Development Kit, and a calculation robust, high-performance server written in ANSI C + +. The client Java components (NetOStat) support arbitrary viewing angle and manage readily available on desktop computers running Mac OS X, Windows XP or Linux in a downloadable Java Application. Using the NeuroTerrain Software Development Kit (SDK NT), Atlas of sophisticated navigation can be added to any application compatible Java requiring as little as 50 lines of Java code glue, which makes it eminently re-useable and more accessible to programmers build more complex, the tools for analyzing biomedical data. The NT-SDK separates interactive GUI components from the server control and monitoring, in order to support the development of non-interactive applications. The application server takes full advantage of the data center of high performance equipment, which can be located together with centrally-located, 3D data repositories, expanding access to the research community through the Internet.

Conclusion

The combination of a server optimized and modular platform independent client offers an ideal environment for 3D visualization complex biomedical data, taking full advantage of high-performance servers to prepare imagery and subsets of metadata for display, as well as the graphical capabilities in Java to actually display the data.

Journal: BMC Bioinformatics Year: 2007 Vol: 8 Issue: 1

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Technorati : 3D data repositories, 3D image, biomedical data, spatial analysis

Missing in two colors microarray experiments: The combination of single-channel and two-channel data

2007-11-19T22:12:00.001-08:00

Author:
Lynch Andy ;
Neal David ;
Kelly John ;
Burtt Glyn ;
Thorne Natalie

Abstract

Background
There are mechanisms, including ozone degradation, which can damage a single channel of two-channel microarray experiments. Analysis therefore often choose between unacceptable inclusion of the poor quality of data or exclusion of certain unpleasant (perhaps a lot of) good quality data as well as the bad. Two of these approaches will be a single channel using some data analysis of all tables, and an analysis of all data, but only about paintings unchanged. In this paper we examine a "combined" approach to the analysis of these experiments affected that uses all the data unchanged.

Results
A simulation experience shows that if a single channel performs an analysis relatively well while the majority of the tables are affected, and the exclusion of affected tables performs relatively well when some tables are affected (as would be expected in both cases) the combined approach performs both off. There are advantages to actively pursue the estimation of the key parameters of the approach, but if they offset the rising cost of computation and complexity of more than just setting parameter to a fixed value n ' is unclear. The inclusion data affected ozone results in poor performance, with a clear purpose in the apparent damage.

Conclusion
It is not necessary to exclude data not allocated, in order to remove those that are damaged. The combined approach discussed here is displayed on the outside make more usual approach, but it seems that if the damage is limited to very few tables, or spreads almost everything, then the benefits will be limited. In other circumstances, however, major improvements in performance can be achieved through the adoption of such an approach.

Journal : BMC Bioinformatics [Year: 2007 ; Volume: 8; Issue: 1]

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Expectation of maximizing spatial analysis of time series

2007-11-19T22:00:00.001-08:00

Author:
K. W. Smith ;
A. L. Aretxabaleta

Abstract:
Expectation maximization (EM) was used to estimate the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model spatial data series. The method is presented as an alternative and complement to Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The weight, combining points with time component distributions are used to distinguish the physical regimes. The method is applied to data equatorial Pacific surface temperature of the sea from the TAO / TRITON mooring series. Indeed, the EM algorithm partitions of the time series in El Niño, La Niña and normal conditions. The EM method leads to a clear interpretation of the variability associated with each basic scheme of analysis EOF.

Journal: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics

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Technorati : El Niño, La Niña

Why SAR wave mode of ERS and Envisat data are insufficient to which the probability of occurrence of waves Freak?

2007-11-05T04:37:00.001-08:00

Author:
Peter Janssen
Werner Alpers

Institution
ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

Summary
It would be desirable to have a tool for the global recognition for the phenomenon of rogue states or on the surface of the ocean Waves. Based on the theory of SAR imaging of the surface of the ocean waves developed in the 1980's, argues Despite the recent period, which claim the contrary, it is not possible for the data to SAR wave mode and the ERS The Envisat satellite.

The main reason is that due to the movement of the surface of the sea, the SAR imaging Mechanism is usually not very linear. The resolution SAR images of the ocean is a place very distorted wave Pictures of the ocean wave city, which is little resemblance to the reality of city water. The exceptions are Perhaps if narrow-band trains Swell on the rank in the direction of the wind, a lack of marine However, These cases are rare and can not be regarded as a representative cross-section of the global division of the sea, the United States.

The courts of the highest in the SAR image of the intensity or the "groupiness" picture distribution of intensity not Not as a rule are the locations for the maximum amplitude of the waves or in the "groupiness" in the water. So it is not possible to deal with this technology, reliable information on the probability of occurrence Extreme waves of the ocean in global

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Technorati : Extreme, Global, SAR, Wave

The Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia

2007-11-02T12:00:00.001-07:00

Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia

Editor:
W. F. Perrin,
R. R. Reeves,
M. L. L. Dolar,
T. A. Jefferson,
H. Marsh,
J. Y. Wang
J. Estacion

Introduction
This document is the report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of Southeast Asia,
held in the Philippines at Silliman University in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, 24-26 July, 2002. The first workshop was held in 1995, also at Silliman University; it was sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (Perrin et al. 1996). The second workshop was sponsored by the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention. Additional support for participants was provided by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation in Hong Kong, WWF-US, and WWF-Philippines. Content and participation were organized by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of U.S. NOAA Fisheries and the consulting firm Tropical Marine Research. Travel and local arrangements were organized by the Marine Laboratory of Silliman University (SUML). Scientists and conservationists were present from Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China (Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong), Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, U.S. and Vietnam.

Published by :
UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 161 pages
CMS Technical Series Publication No. 9 - 2005

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Technorati : Biology, CMS, Cetaceans, Conservation, Dugongs, NOAA, South-East Asia, TMR, UNEP, WWF

The training and development needs of nurses in Indonesia

2007-11-02T11:12:00.001-07:00

Author:
Hennessy Deborah ;
Hicks Carolyn ;
Hilan Aflah ;
Kawonal Yoanna

Abstract

Background

Indonesia's recent economic and political history has left a legacy of widespread poverty and serious health problems, and has contributed to marked inequalities in health care. One means of responding to these challenges has been through a reconsideration of the professional roles of nurses, to enable them to deal with the range and complexity of health problems. However, there are currently a number of obstacles to achieving these aims: there is a serious shortfall in trained nurses; the majority of nurses have only limited education and preparation for the role; and there is no central registration of nurses, which means that it is impossible to regulate either the profession or the standards of care. This study aimed to establish the occupational profiles of each grade of nurse, identify their training and development needs and ascertain whether any differences existed between nurses working in different regions or within hospital or community settings.

Methods

An established and psychometrically valid questionnaire was administered to 524 nurses, covering three grades and coming from five provinces.

Results

Significant differences in job profile were found in nurses from different provinces, suggesting that the nature of the role is determined to some degree by the geographical location of practice. The roles of hospital and community nurses, and the different grades of nurse, were fairly similar. All nurses reported significant training needs for all 40 tasks, although these did not vary greatly between grade of nurse. The training needs of nurses from each of the provinces were quite distinct, while those of hospital nurses were greater than those of community nurses.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the role of the nurse is not as diverse as might be expected, given the different levels of preparation and training and the diversity of their work environments. This may reflect the lack of a central registration system and quality framework, which would normally regulate clinical activities according to qualifications. The differences in training needs between subsections of the sample highlight the importance of identifying skills deficits and using this information to develop customized post-registration education programmes. Together, these results provide a rigorous and reliable approach to defining the occupational roles and continuing education needs of Indonesian nurses.

Published by :
Human Resources for Health, 4:10doi:10.1186/1478-4491-4-10
Issn: 14784491
Year: 2006
Volume: 4

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Technorati : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training
Del.icio.us : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training

The impact of the warm phase of ENSO (El Ni˜no Southern Oscillation) events on water resource availability of tropical catchments in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia

2007-11-02T10:38:00.001-07:00

Author:
C. Leemhuis and G. Gerold
Department of Geography, University of G¨ottingen, Germany

Abstract:
Precipitation anomalies caused by the warm phase (El Nino) of the ENSO cycle lead to a strong decrease of water resources in South-East Asia. The aim of this work is to study the impact of warm phase ENSO caused precipitation anomalies on the water balance of a mesoscale tropical catchment in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using a scenario analysis. We applied statistically generated precipitation anomalies caused by warm phase ENSO events on a validated hydrological model of the Palu River catchment (2694 km2) to investigate the implications of the generated ENSO scenarios on the total annual water balance, the annual discharge regime and the discharge variability. Moreover we analysed the influence of various catchment characteristics during warm phase ENSO conditions on the discharge variability through a comparison of different sub-catchment types. The results of the scenario analysis proved a severe decline of the annual discharge rate during warm phase ENSO conditions and an increase of the overall discharge variability.

Published by :
Advances in Geosciences, 6, 217-220, 2006
SRef-ID: 1680-7359/adgeo/2006-6-217
European Geosciences Union

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Technorati : Advances in Geosciences, Anomalies, ENSO, El Nino, Indonesia, Mesoscale, Palu, South-East Asia, Tropical
Del.icio.us : Advances in Geosciences, Anomalies, ENSO, El Nino, Indonesia, Mesoscale, Palu, South-East Asia, Tropical

GIS LINKING TO EXTERNAL DATA SETS AND PROCESSES

2007-11-02T09:35:00.001-07:00

Author:
Ken Moule
Exa-Min Resource Industry Consultants Pty Ltd

Abstract:
This paper investigates models for management of extended Geosciences data sets, based on experience collating historic and current data sets to build a three dimensional model of the Gympie Eldorado Mine. Rather than migrate all data to restrictive GIS data structures, the consultants integrated a range of specialist and "off-the-shelf" applications, into a unified data management model. The GeoBasemap MapLinker product is being deployed to provide active, two-way links between the MapInfo GIS and third party applications. This model accommodates extended data types such as images, word processor documents and spreadsheets, as well as managing interaction with sensitive data via database forms, rather than allowing uncontrolled edit of attributes through traditional GIS interfaces. Exa-Min's experience in managing the complex Gympie data set has led to further refinement of the MapLinker product, that is now being deployed in the wider GIS community.

Published by :

Australian Institute of Geoscientists
AIG Journal - Applied geoscientific research and practice in Australia
Paper 2000-05 April 2000

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Technorati : AIG Journal, GIS, Mapinfo, database, gympie

The fate of nitrogen fixed by diazotrophs in the ocean

2007-11-02T09:06:00.001-07:00

Author:
M. R. Mulholland
Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia
23529-0276, USA

Abstract:
While we now know that N2 fixation is a significant source of new nitrogen (N) in the marine environment, little is known about the fate of this N (and associated C), despite the importance of diazotrophs to global carbon and nutrient cycles. Specifically, does N fixed during N2 fixation fuel autotrophic or heterotrophic growth and thus facilitate carbon (C) export from the euphotic zone, or does it contribute primarily to bacterial productivity and respiration in the euphotic zone? For Trichodesmium, the diazotroph we know the most about, the transfer of recently fixed N2 (and C) appears to be primarily through dissolved pools. The release of N varies among and within populations and as a result of the changing physiological state of cells and populations. The net result of trophic transfers appears to depend on the co-occurring organisms and the complexity of the colonizing community. In order to understand the impact of diazotrophy on carbon flow and export in marine systems, we need a better understanding of the trophic flow of elements in Trichodesmium- dominated communities and other diazotrophic communities under various defined physiological states. Nitrogen and carbon fixation rates themselves vary by orders of magnitude within and among studies of Trichodesmium, highlighting the difficulty in extrapolating global rates of N2 fixation from direct measurements. Because the stoichiometry of N2 and C fixation does not appear to be in balance with that of particles, and the relationship between C and N2 fixation rates is also variable, it is equally difficult to derive global rates of one from the other. This paper seeks to synthesize what is known about the fate of diazotrophic production in the environment. A better understanding of the physiology and physiological ecology of Trichodesmium and other marine diazotrophs is necessary to quantify and predict the effects of increased or decreased diazotrophy in the context of the carbon cycle and global change.

Published by :
Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Biogeosciences, 4, 37-51, 2007

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Technorati : N2 Fixation, Nitrogen, autotroph, carbon cycle, carbon flow, diazotroph, global change, marine, n2, ocean, trophic flow

How does ocean ventilation change under global warming?

2007-11-01T06:02:00.001-07:00

Author:
A. Gnanadesikan (1), J. L. Russell (2), and Fanrong Zeng (3)

1) NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
2) Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
3) RSIS, Princeton, NJ, USA

Abstract:
Since the upper ocean takes up much of the heat added to the earth system by anthropogenic global warming, one would expect that global warming would lead to an increase in stratification and a decrease in the ventilation of the ocean interior. However, multiple simulations in global coupled climate models using an ideal age tracer which is set to zero in the mixed layer and ages at 1 yr/yr outside this layer show that the intermediate depths in the low latitudes, Northwest Atlantic, and parts of the Arctic Ocean become younger under global warming. This paper reconciles these apparently ontradictory trends, showing that the decreases result from changes in the relative contributions of old deep waters and younger surface waters. Implications for the tropical oxygen minimum zones, which play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling are considered in detail.

Published by :

Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Ocean Science., 3, 43-53, 2007
© Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

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Technorati : Northwest Atlantic, Oxygen, anthropogenic, artic ocean, biogeochemical, climate model, cycling, deep water, global warming, mixed layer, ocean, surface waer

Coastal sea surface temperature variability from Landsat infrared data

2007-10-30T23:37:00.001-07:00

Author:
Andrew Thomas, (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Libby Hall 213, Orono, ME 04469-5741, US)
Deirdre Byrne,
Ryan Weatherbee

Abstract
A time series of 23 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 thermal infrared images over the period 1986-1996 is used to quantify variability of sea surface temperature (SST) along the central coast of Maine, a morphologically complex region of bays, estuaries, and islands. An iterative regression scheme using coregistered, temporally coincident, daily composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST data is used to scale the TM digital numbers in each scene to SST, approximating an atmospheric correction. This approach provides temporally concurrent match-ups, even for Landsat scenes more than 10 years old and over 1000 data points to most regressions. Analysis of the TM scenes by year-day delivers temporal resolution sufficient for insight into overall seasonal pattern and allows identification of recurring seasonal features within the study area. The dominant seasonal patterns is a cross-shelf SST gradient of coldest water nearshore in winter which reverses sign in summer and disappears in spring and fall. Differences in summer SST are evident between four adjacent bays, attributable to differences in residual circulation, freshwater input, and flushing. Recurrent frontal zones evident in summer are identified and compare well to available but noncoincident in situ hydrographic data.

Publisher:
2002 Elsevier Science Inc.

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Technorati : AVHRR, Fishery, Indonesia, Landsat, Oceanography, Thematic Mapper, Visible remote sensing, hydrographic data, infrared, temperature distributions

The potential and limitations of satellite observations for CO2 retrievals over boreal forests

2007-10-30T23:03:00.000-07:00

Author:
A.P.Trishchenko
A.Rublev
A.B.Uspensky
T.Udalova
N.Zysina
M.Buchwitz
V.Rozanov
A.Rozanov
T.Zhuravleva
S.Wang
A.N.Trotsenko
R.Fernandes

Abstract
This paper considers various problems related to the capabilities of satellite observations for retrieving CO2 surface fluxes and atmospheric concentrations over boreal forests. A novel regression model suitable for calculating various components of CO2 fluxes at the surface level and employing satellite data as input has been developed. Results of this model are validated against observations and compared to the results produced by the European LPJ dynamic global vegetation model and the Canadian ecosystem model EALCO. The comparison was conducted over two boreal sites (Canada (Manitoba) and Russia (Zotino)) and shows a satisfactory agreement between modeled and observed values. Initial CO2 atmospheric column retrievals from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT indicate that it is possible to detect reduced CO2 atmospheric column amounts resulting from the uptake of CO2 by growing vegetation. The potential of combined solar and thermal satellite observations and upcoming IASI/METOP for CO2 monitoring is discussed.

Keywords:
CO2 , boreal forest, satellite monitoring, SCIAMACHY, ENVISAT, MODIS, AIRS, IASI
discussed.

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Technorati : AIRS, CO2, ENVISAT, IASI, MODIS, SCIAMACHY, boreal forest, satellite monitoring

A 3D regional model of the Indonesian Seas circulation-Model description and properties of the simulated velocity Fields

2007-10-30T21:28:00.001-07:00

Author:
Kieran T.A. O'Driscoll,Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Dmitri A. Nechaev

Abstract:
The basic properties of a developed regional model of the circulation of the Indonesian Seas are outlined. The model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model, has 250x250 grid cells in the horizontal with grid spacing of 10km and 29 -levels in the vertical. It is well known that the complex topography of the region strongly in uences temperature, salinity and currents distributions there. One of the signicant properties of this model is that all basic topographic features are resolved. The model has four open ports to simulate in ow of North Pacic Water from the Mindanao Current, in ow of South Pacic Water from the New Guinea Coastal Current, out ow to the Pacic Ocean due to the North Equatorial Counter Current, and to the Indian Ocean due to the Indonesian Through Flow. Total transports through the open ports and port normal velocities are specied from observations. Orlanski's conditions are employed at the open ports with port normal velocity nudged to observed values and temperature and salinity to climatology. Port channels are introduced so the effects of open boundary conditions do not impact the dynamics of the main region. An additional friction was included in the vicinity of some narrow passages and sills as a proxy for specic processes such as tides and internal waves that occur within these topographic features. Four experiments are discussed: seasonally varying and annual mean transports and port normal velocities both with and without local winds. All experiments are totally spun up after 10 years. This analysis uses data from the post spin up period only. The basic properties of simulated total transports through the main passages in the region, surface circulation and sea-surface heights are discussed. The portion of North Pacifc Water entering the Indonesian Seas relative to that leaving through the North Equatorial Counter Current port is fairly constant throughout the year. Most of this water takes the western route through the Makassar Strait. The portion of South Pacifc Water entering the Halmahera Sea compared to that exiting in the North Equatorial Counter Current varies considerably with the seasons. Turning of the local winds does not substantially in uence the transport through main passages in the model domain. Surface circulation patterns change substantially with the seasons. The role of dierent terms in the heat and salt equations was investigated by dividing the region into a number of boxes. For any given box, the sum of the horizontal advective fluxes of temperature (salinity) through all sides of the box is on the same order as the vertical heat (salt) flux at the surface, interior nudging term, and the rate of time variation of the box integrated temperature (salinity). The comparison of the basic structure of the model surface circulation, sea-surface heights and total transport values through the main passages with observations appears satisfactory

Institution:

U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.

Department of Marine Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.

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Technorati : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Del.icio.us : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Ice Rocket : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Flickr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Zooomr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Buzznet : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features

Detection of blue-absorbing aerosols using near infrared and visible (ocean color) remote sensing observations

2007-10-30T20:56:00.001-07:00

Author:
Delphine Nobileau,
David Antoine Laboratoire

Institution:
Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France

Abstract
An algorithm is presented, which is designed to identify blue-absorbing aerosols from near infrared and visible remote-sensing observations, as they are in particular collected by satellite ocean color sensors. The technique basically consists in determining an error budget at one wavelength around 510 nm, based on a first-guess estimation of the atmospheric path reflectance as if the atmosphere was of a maritime type, and on a reasonable hypothesis about the marine signal at this wavelength. The budget also includes the typical calibration uncertainty and the natural variability in the ocean optical properties. Identification of blue-absorbing aerosols is then achieved when the error budget demonstrates a significant over-correction of the atmospheric signal when using non-absorbing maritime aerosols. Implementation of the algorithm is presented, and its application to real observations by the MERIS and SeaWiFS ocean color sensors is discussed. The results demonstrate the skill of the algorithm in various regions of the ocean where absorbing aerosols are present, and for two different sensors. A validation of the results is also performed against in situ data from the AERONET, and further illustrates the skill of the algorithm and its general applicability.

Publisher:
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Year:
2005

Keywords:
Blue-absorbing aerosols; Near infrared; Visible remote sensing; Ocean color

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Technorati : Blue, Near infrared, Visible remote sensing, aerosols, ocean color

2007-10-30T03:22:00.000-07:00

The Eastern Indonesia Tuna Fishery Data Collection WorkshopType :
Report

Opening/Summary:
The Eastern Indonesia Tuna Fishery Data Collection Workshop was held at the headquarters of the Research Center for Capture Fisheries in Jakarta, from 30 to 31 January 2007. The workshop was attended by 29 participants from five Indonesian government agencies, industry, Australia, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, the Secretariat of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission and other agencies (see Appendix III).

The workshop was part of the Indonesia and Philippines Data Collection Project, which was developed by the Preparatory Conference for the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific (Anon. 2003) and adopted by the WCPFC in December 2005. The objectives of the IPDCP are (1) to collect and compile data that can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the assessments of tuna stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and (2) to improve the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Philippines and Indonesia so that both countries will be able to fulfill their future obligations in regard to the provision of fisheries data to the Commission.

Prior to the workshop, during 2005 and 2006, a review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system in Indonesia was conducted as part of the IPDCP by Mr Craig Proctor of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia and Mr Budi Nugraha of RCCF and the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries of Indonesia. The objectives of the
workshop were to consider the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system, and to draft recommendations for the improvement of tuna fishery data collection.

Funding for the IPDCP has been provided by Chinese Taipei, France, New Zealand and the United States of America. The review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system was funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and CSIRO. Dr Wudianto, Director of RCCF, welcomed the participants and introduced the opening speaker, Dr
Indroyono Soesilo, Chairman of the Marine and Fisheries Research Agency.

Dr Soesilo spoke of Indonesias participation in regional fisheries management organisations, such as CCSBT and IOTC, and of the benefits that have accrued to Indonesia through collaboration with those organisations, particularly in regard to the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean waters of Indonesia. Such monitoring should be replicated in Eastern Indonesia and, in this regard, he proposed establishing a tuna monitoring station, similar to the station in Benoa, for Eastern
Indonesia in Manado. He noted that Indonesia was in the process of becoming a member of WCPFC and that Indonesia intended to participate very actively. Dr Soesilo gave a warm welcome to the participants and wished them success in their deliberations. Dr SungKwon Soh welcomed the participants on behalf of the WCPFC Secretariat, SPC and CSIRO.

Publisher:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Year:
February 2007

Keyword:
Tuna, Regional Fisheries, CCSBT, WCPFC, CSIRO, IOTC, Indonesia, Fishery

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Labels:
Report

Target position and trajectory measurements

2007-08-18T19:07:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Target position and trajectory measurements by videogrammetry

Author:
Stephen Hobbs

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

WThis report documents the algorithms, data processing and software for the video photogrammetry ("videogrammetry") system developed at Cranfield University. Cranfield's system has been used successfully since 1999 on a range of measurement projects. Videogrammetry typically uses two video cameras to film the motion of target objects in stereo, and then with suitable image processing and data analysis the targets' 3d trajectories are measured to good precision. The main features of the Cranfield systems are that it is based on consumer electronics devices (e.g. digital camcorders and PC's), and that it is designed as an experimental tool. Using consumer electronics provides good performance at low cost. Its experimental character means that an expert user is required, but does allow great flexibility. Current system performance derives from the image resolution of 1 mrad per pixel over a field of view 720 by 576 pixels, and a frame rate of 25 Hz. Two areas of work are described: (1) the mathematical models and algorithms used for calibration, position measurement and trajectory extraction, and (2) the software tools written to manipulate images and process the data. The model of the imaging system can be adapted for a wide range of applications, and is explicitly developed in this report for a single camera position and pose calibration, a two-camera system calibration, and a measurement sys- tem using two or more cameras (either the general non-linear case or a linear approximation). The image calibration (which converts image coordinates to geometrical angles of inclination and azimuth) is based on a 3rd order polyno- mial and achieves an accuracy equivalent to better than 1 pixel. Trajectories are obtained by either labelling targets or using kinematic rules. Two programs (AVI1 and mfitvid) have been written for the videogrammetry system and are described in outline (for a user and to support future development). Commercial software provides the more general functions required by the system. Experience with the videogrammetry system over a number of years gives confidence in its performance. Example results are provided to illustrate the type of measurements which are possible.

Keywords:

Institution:
College of Aeronautics Report

Type :
PDF

Field :
Remote Sensing

Years :
2003

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Motion model for satellite formation

2007-08-18T18:47:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Development of a relative motion model for satellite formation flying around L2

Author:
Jennifer Roberts

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

A technique for satellite formation flying modelling in LEO is applied at L2. Analytical solutions to the equations of motion of a hub satellite relative to L2 are used to define a halo reference orbit. An expression for the gravity gradient is obtained at the hub and the linearised equations of motion of the mirror satellites relative to the hub are derived. The relative motion model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink and evaluated for different initial conditions. The analytical solutions to the equations of relative motion are derived. These and other equations of motion are compared to the Satellite Tool Kit numerical orbit propagator.

Keywords:
satellite formation, LEO, Matlab

Institution:
Cranfield University; School of Engineering

Type :
PDF (Paper)

Field :
Remote Sensing, Engineering

Years :
2004

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Detection and imaging of objects hidden in turbid media

2007-08-18T15:24:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Statistical detection and imaging of objects hidden in turbid media using ballistic photons

Author:
Sina Farsiu,
James Christofferson,
Brian Eriksson,
Peyman Milanfar,
Benjamin Friedlander,
Ali Shakouri,
Robert Nowak

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

We exploit recent advances in active high-resolution imaging through scattering media with ballistic photons. We derive the fundamental limits on the accuracy of the estimated parameters of a mathematical model that describes such an imaging scenario and compare the performance of ballistic and conventional imaging systems. This model is later used to derive optimal single-pixel statistical tests for detecting objects hidden in turbid media. To improve the detection rate of the aforementioned single-pixel detectors, we develop a multiscale algorithm based on the generalized likelihood ratio test framework. Moreover, considering the effect of diffraction, we derive a lower bound on the achievable spatial resolution of the proposed imaging systems. Furthermore, we present the first experimental ballistic scanner that directly takes advantage of novel adaptive sampling and reconstruction techniques.

Keywords:
Statistical, ballistic, mathematical model

Institution:
Optical Society of America

Type :
PDF (Journal)

Field :
Remote Sensing, Military

Years :
2007

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Estimation of 2-D Random Amplitude Polynomial

2007-08-18T14:56:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Parameter Estimation of 2-D Random Amplitude Polynomial-Phase Signals

Author:
Joseph M. Francos
Benjamin Friedlander

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Phase information has fundamental importance in many two-dimensional (2-D) signal processing problems. In this paper, we consider 2-D signals with random amplitude and a continuous deterministic phase. The signal is represented by a random amplitude polynomial-phase model. A computationally efficient estimation algorithm for the signal parameters is presented. The algorithm is based on the properties of the mean phase differencing operator, which is introduced and analyzed. Assuming that the signal is observed in additive white Gaussian noise and that the amplitude field is Gaussian as well, we derive the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) on the error variance in jointly estimating the model parameters. The performance of the algorithm in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise is illustrated by numerical examples and compared with the CRB.

Keywords:
2-D signal processing, amplitude, algorithm, phase model, CRB, Gaussian noise

Institution:
Fellow, IEEE

Type :
PDF (Journal)

Field :
Physic

Years :
1999

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Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate

2007-08-18T01:07:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., in the Gulf of Maine

Author:
David W. Townsend,
Neal R. Pettigrew,
Andrew C. Thomas

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) occurs nearly every year in the Gulf of Maine. In a study of dynamics of the causative organism, the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp., we conducted three surveys of the coastal and offshore waters of Gulf of Maine during the summer of 1998, sampling more than 200 stations during each cruise in June, July and August. Hydrographic data were collected and concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll, inorganic nutrients and densities of Alexandrium cells were measured in discrete water samples. The distributions of Alexandrium at the surface and in subsurface waters displayed maximum cell densities in the offshore waters of the Gulf on all three cruises. Highest cell densities in surface waters (ca. 5.5 x 10³ cells l¹) were observed in two broad patches: one in the Bay of Fundy and another in shelf and offshore waters of the central and eastern Gulf of Maine in association with the Eastern Maine Coastal Current. Highest subsurface densities of cells appeared to be associated with the frontal edges beyond the cold surface waters associated with the Eastern Maine Coastal Current. As the summer progressed, the highest surface densities of Alexandrium receded toward the eastern portions of the Gulf and the Bay of Fundy. We suggest that the offshore distributions of relatively high densities of Alexandrium are naturally occurring and can be related to inorganic nutrient fluxes, and to the ambient light field as it varies seasonally and vertically. Locations of high cell densities were described and interpreted using a nondimensional light-nutrient parameter, computed as the ratio of the depth of the 10% surface irradiance to the depth of 4 mMNO3 concentration. Possible mechanisms responsible for periodic development of PSP outbreaks in nearshore shellfish beds are discussed.

Keywords:

Gulf of Maine; Red Tides; Alexandrium; Nutrients; Phytoplankton; Hydrography

Institution:
Elsevier Science Ltd.

Type :
PDF (Journal)

Field :
Marine Biology

Years :
2001

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THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR COASTAL STUDY

2007-08-18T01:02:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR COASTAL STUDY

Author:
Gathot Winarso
Judijanto
Syarif Budhiman

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Coastal is an area that is influent by two processing factors that are marine and land dynamic process. In this area, occurs a complex dynamic process, which caused the relatively quick changes. The use of remote sensing data to study the process that occur in the area will get some helpful information to know the changes that happened, e.g. to study coastline dynamic. The need of this kind information is useful by countries that have long coastline and have so many islands just like Indonesia. This study use Landsat 7 data with ETM+ sensor, supported by Landsat 5 (TM), bathymetric map and tidal data from the study case area of Riau Archipelago especially Batam Island and surrounding. From this study can be summarize that the information on the coastline can be obtain in easy and accurate with combining band ratio of 4/2 and 5/2. The result has to be corrected with visual interpretation of color composite 543 RGB by visual editing to reduce errors from digital processing. The result also has to be corrected with tidal data because the information are obtain from different tidal time, which are usually different with the standard tidal data that are used to determine the coastline.

Keywords:
Coastline, Remote Sensing, Landsat 7

Institution:
Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National University of Singapore

Type :
PDF (presentation paper)

Field :
Remote Sensing

Years :
2001

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IMAGE ANALYSIS TOOLBOX AND ENHANCED SATELLITE IMAGERY

2007-08-18T00:53:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
IMAGE ANALYSIS TOOLBOX AND ENHANCED SATELLITE IMAGERY INTEGRATED INTO THE MAPPLACE

Author:
Ward E. Kilby,
Karl Kliparchuk
Andrew McIntosh

Language/Country:
English

Summary:

The project has achieved all of its objectives. Eighteen Landsat 7 ETM images were enhanced to highlight structures with topographic expression. These image products are available for download in several formats and map projections from the MapPlace. An image analysis framework has been added to the Exploration Assistant page of the MapPlace web site to allow basic image analysis processes to be performed on multispectral and hyperspectral images. Twenty Landsat 7 ETM images, five ASTER images and one AVIRIS image have been loaded into the system and are available for analysis. Five general analysis tools are included in this initial version of the site.

This project was designed to test the value and acceptance of providing image products and image analysis tools for use by the exploration community over the Internet. If warranted, additional enhanced Landsat imagery could be produced and added to the system. Addition types of multispectral and hyperspectral imagery can be added to the analysis system as well as additional analysis tools and more complete coverage of existing image types.

Keywords:
MapPlace, Landsat, ASTER, Image Analysis, Structural geology interpretation.

Institution:
Cal Data Ltd. and McElhanney Consulting Services Ltd.

Type :
PDF (paper)

Field :
Remote Sensing

Years :
-

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SPACE REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION

2007-08-18T00:50:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
ROLE OF SPACE REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY ROLE OF SPACE REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION IN NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM AND NORTH SUMATERA

Author:
Bambang Tejasukmana

Language/Country:
English/Indonesia

Institution:
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) - Indonesia

Type :
PDF (presentation)

Field :
Remote Sensing, Ecology

Years :
2005

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Geomorphic habitat mapping and related applications

2007-08-17T19:15:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Improving our knowledge of Australia’s near-pristine estuaries
Geomorphic habitat mapping and related applications
Final report

Author :
John Creasey, Ashwin Dyall, Catherine Ticehurst,
Ben Rodgers, Alan Marks, Lynda Radke, Brendan Brooke,
David Ryan, Andrew Heap, Emma Murray and Arnold Dekker

Report highlights:

Geomorphic habitat mapping

The geomorphic habitats of 158 near-pristine estuaries were mapped in the Comparative Geomorphology of Estuaries Project by methods outlined in the Chapter 2. The maps comprise industry-standard ArcGIS files consisting of a base map of the estuary boundary, and vector layers showing the extent of subaerial, tidal and sub-tidal habitats. The maps are available for download in the OzEstuaries database ( where they exist alongside the maps of near-pristine and modified estuaries generated during the NLWRA (2002).

The near-pristine estuaries that were mapped in this project were chosen to reflect, as far as possible, the full range of geomorphic variability in Australia: A statistically significant number of the different types of estuaries (between 16 and 26) were chosen, and these were spread as far as practicable around the Australian coastline. These estuaries are located in all the coastal geomorphic regions of Australia (Harris et al. 2002). Within this context, state government preferences and the availability of suitable images and photographs were also taken into account. By ‘estuary types’, we refer to the major kinds of coastal waterways (i.e. wave- and tide-dominated estuaries and deltas, tidal creeks, strandplains and embayments) which experience differing amounts of wave, tide and river energy (Heap et al. 2001). By ‘coastal geomorphic regions’ (Harris et al. 2002) we refer to the North-west Coast, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-east Coast, South-east Coast and South-west Coast.

Near-pristine estuaries from Queensland and the Northern Territory comprised by far the largest proportion of the estuaries mapped during the project, accounting for 46% and 30% respectively. Significantly fewer estuaries were mapped in Western Australia (11%), Tasmania (9%), New South Wales (2%) and Victoria (<1%) style="font-weight: bold;">Remote sensing techniques and applications to near-pristine estuaries

As mentioned previously, near-pristine estuaries tend to be located along the most remote and inaccessible parts of the coastline, making them difficult to study. This is why remote sensing techniques (satellite-based or airborne sensors) and related applications (eCognitionTM) were scoped for their potential use in monitoring and gathering further information on the habitats and water quality of near-pristine estuaries. Remote sensing involves the collection of information about the earth’s surface, using sensors mounted on satellites or aeroplanes. The result of remote sensing is an image from which the spatial distribution of different landscape characteristics (e.g. mangrove forests and seagrass beds) can be mapped.

Remote sensing has been used for many years to map the coastal zone both for research and for management purposes. One relevant example was the use of aerial photography to map Australia’s coastal geomorphic habitats during the NLWRA. However, it is underscored in the remote sensing methods and applications portions of this report that more advanced satellite and /or airborne remote sensing instruments are now available, and these can be even more costeffective and objective than aerial photo interpretation. This is because the imagery can be collected at larger spatial scales (regional) and because computer software is now available that can help automate the process by which maps are made from the images. For example, the eCognitionTM software package is designed to produce maps from remote sensing images by grouping similar adjacent features (e.g. water body or forest patches) in the landscape. We present a case study from the near-pristine Wildman River in the Northern Territory (see Chapter 4) in which we demonstrate that maps made from remotely sensed images using eCognitionTM are comparable to or better than maps made using manual digitising.

The level of detail and number of physical properties that can be mapped using remote sensing imagery depend largely on the characteristics and availability ofthe remote sensing instruments. In a second case study on near-pristine estuaries in tropical northern Queensland (see Chapter 3), different types of imagery were investigated for their ability to differentiate between the dominant vegetation types in an estuarine environment. An automated mapping routine was then developed and applied to widely available satellite data (Landsat ETM) to produce maps of the Daintree River, Cooper Creek and Noah Creek. These maps were then compared to aerial photo interpretations. Although slightly different land-cover types were used, the results were comparable for the common vegetation classes. The advantage in using Landsat ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) data in an automatic mapping routine over manual interpretation of aerial photographs is that it is fast and can cover large regions. The disadvantage is that user knowledge and experience cannot be applied at the same level of detail.

It can be summarised that remote sensing used in combination with eCognitionTM (or like-programs) can reduce the time and effort required for routine monitoring and mapping of Australia’s near-pristine estuaries, and allow environmental managers and researchers to regularly update habitat maps to monitor changes through time.

Language/Country:
English

Institution:
Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management

Type :
PDF

Field :
GIS and Remote Sensing, Ecology

Years :
2006

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Fuzzy Set Based on GIS Application in Land Suitability Evaluation

2007-07-08T10:40:00.000-07:00

Tittle:
Fuzzy Set Based on GIS Application in Land Suitability Evaluation

Author :
M. Ramli
Sumbangan Baja

Abstract:

Research of Land suitability evaluation using Fuzzy Setapproach has been conducted at an extent of 40.096 ha in Cina and Mare Subdisrict, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. The aim of this study was to evaluate land suitability for clove based on the land characteristic and economy at scale 1:50.000. The analysis was undertaken using Geographic Information Systems. The result of this research showed that the extent of land units having land suitability with S1 category for developing clove is 6,529 ha (16.28%; distributed at the land units 12, 13, 14 and 26). While the land units having class S2 include 18, 24, 25 comprising a total area of 2,761 ha (6.89%). Land unit with the highest MF value has an NPV of Rp 127,623,129.-.

Key word:
Land suitability, Fuzzy Set, Clove, Geographic Information Systems.

Language/Country:
Indonesia

Institution:
Hasanuddin University-Makassar (Indonesia)

Type :
PDF

Field :
GIS

Years :
2005

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MISSION REPORT FAO SEAFARMING RESOURCES ATLAS ASIA (RAS/86/024)

2007-07-02T06:07:00.000-07:00

Regional Seafarming Development and Demonstration Project
Butler, M.J.A.,LeBlanc, C.M.,MacNeill, J.L.
Series title: Project reports (not in a Series)
1989 p. 74 pg
AB725/E
Other Publications in this collection : Project reports (not in a Series)

Abstract : The consultant team members would like to express their appreciation to Chen Foo Yan and his staff at the Network of Aquaculture Centres of Asia (NACA) for their generous assistance, advice and hospitality. In particular, we would like to acknowledge the patient support and guidance of Hassanai Kongkeo and Alessandro Lovatelli who, in turn, escorted us throughout the mission. The meeting itineraries within each country were coordinated to a large extent by the national FAO or NACA/Seafarming Project representative; to all of them we owe a debt of gratitude. Thanks also to the personnel (too many to acknowledge individually, but listed in Appendix I) from numerous departments and agencies who provided us with the invaluable information and data which form the basis of this mission report. Finally, we would like to acknowledge the financial support and encouragement of the Fishery Resources and Environment Division of FAO in Rome, the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia and, within Canada, the provincial governments of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, the Land Registration and Information Service (LRIS) of the Council of Maritime Premiers, and the Champlain Institute.

Keywords : Aquaculture , Aquaculture , Cartography , Coasts , Information systems , Regional development , Remote sensing

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Objective
1.2 Terms of Reference
1.3 Travel Itinerary

2. INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS

3. COUNTRY PROFILES

3.1 Thailand 3.2 India
3.3 Singapore
3.4 Indonesia
3.5 Philippines
3.6 China
3.7 Korea (DPR)
3.8 Korea (Rep.)

4. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Appendix I List of Interviewees

II Mapping as an Aid to Fisheries Resource Management and Development

III Remote Sensing as an Aid to Fisheries Resource Management and Development

IV The Interdepartmental Committee -An Effective Means for Developing GIS Policy

Measuring Capacity in Fisheries

2007-07-02T06:02:00.000-07:00

Edited by

S. Pascoe
Reader in Natural Resource Economics
Centre for the Economics and Management of Aquatic Resources
University of Portsmouth
United Kingdom
and
D. Gréboval
Senior Fishery Planning Officer
Fishery Policy and Planning Division
FAO Fisheries Department

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Rome, 2003

ISBN 92-5-104974-2
ISSN 0429-9345

Table of Contents

All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of the material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the copyright holders. Applications for such permission should be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Management Service, Information Division, FAO, Vialle delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy or by e-mail to copyright@fao.org.

© FAO 2003

Pascoe, S.; Gréboval, D. (eds.)
Measuring capacity in fisheries.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 445. Rome, FAO. 2003. 314p.

ABSTRACT

This Fisheries Technical Paper contains some selected papers originally presented at the FAO Technical Consultation on the Measurement of Fishing Capacity held in Mexico City in 1999. The 23 papers have been subsequently edited and are presented in four parts. The first part includes papers addressing theoretical considerations and definitions of capacity. The second part includes case studies outlining the existing practice undertaken in some member countries. These case studies do not necessarily represent best practice, but provide an overview of current practice. The third section includes papers that outline alternative methods for deriving output-based measures of capacity. In particular, the papers describe the data envelopment analysis and peak-to-peak techniques. The methods are applied to a number of fisheries for example purpose. The last section contains papers that outline alternative methods for assessing input-based measures of capacity. These include estimation of fishing power, hold capacity and bioeconomic modelling to determine optimal fleet sizes.

Cover photograph: Fisheries Agency of Japan

Port of Kesen - Numa City, Miyagi, Japan, showing some of the 130 large - scale tuna longlines to be scrapped as part of capacity reduction programme undertaken by the Government of Japan

Table of Contents

PDF version

Drawing of Ancient Britons

2007-06-19T23:20:00.000-07:00

Detail : (British Library)

Record Number:
10202

Shelfmark:
Add. 28330

Page Folio Number:
f.8v

Description:
(Whole folio) Drawing of two Ancient Britons; one with tattoos, and carrying a spear and shield; the other painted with woad, and carrying a sword and round shield

Title of Work:
Description of Great Britain and Ireland

Author:
Heere, Lucas de

Illustrator:
-

Production:
Netherlands; circa 1574

Language/Script:
Dutch / -

All

efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in

the above description, but the British Library cannot accept responsibility
for any errors that may occur.

Google and Intel : an effort to sharply reduce the amount of power wasted by personal computers and servers.

2007-06-19T22:43:00.000-07:00

By Laurie J. Flynn

Published: June 13, 2007

MOUNTAIN VIEW, California: Google and Intel are leading a consortium of major technology companies in an effort to sharply reduce the amount of power wasted by personal computers and servers.

The energy-saving effort, announced Tuesday, is called the Climate Savers Computing Initiative. It will also include a large-scale campaign to educate consumers and corporate computer managers about technology's role in the emission of greenhouse gases.

Companies agreeing to Climate Savers standards will try to build machines that are at least 90 percent efficient in their power use by promoting new technologies, setting new standards and encouraging more efficient use by consumers.

"I think we can make a very large impact very quickly," said Larry Page, who founded Google with Sergey Brin. "All of this is doable today. We're just taking the opportunity to shoot for a higher bar."

The initiative has received the support of IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Advanced Micro Devices, Sun Microsystems and Microsoft, among others. It is also supported by the National Wildlife Federation and the Environmental Protection Agency.

The group envisions better power management in computers, roughly equivalent to taking 11 million cars off the highway, according to Patrick Gelsinger, senior vice president in charge of Intel's digital enterprise group.

Gelsinger said that the new technologies could result in price increases for consumers of about $20 a computer, but that customers would make up for the extra expense in energy savings within a year or two. Proposed rebates from utility companies will probably allow customers to recoup the additional expense even more quickly, he said.

In a separate development, Intel is expected to cut prices on some of its higher-end processors in July to make room for new power-saving chip technology expected in the second half of the year.

Gelsinger declined to comment on the reports of impending price cuts, but company officials said Intel routinely reduces prices throughout the year.

Intel will cut prices of high-performance server processors sometime in July. The price cuts will come as Intel is preparing to introduce a new chip family this autumn called Penryn, which promises a significant increase in performance without consuming more power.

But unlike the price cuts of last year, which set off a price war with Advanced Micro Devices, these price cuts are more routine, analysts say.

Henri Richard, executive vice president of Advanced Micro, said that his company had announced its own plans for price reductions.

Source :

http://www.iht.com/

Others :

Google and Intel in Climate Discussion LINK

Rich Internet Application make Spalsh LINK

BAYS TUNAS

2007-05-28T01:22:00.000-07:00

1 ATLANTIC BIGEYE TUNA

The SCRS completed a stock assessment of Atlantic bigeye tuna in October 1999. The assessment utilized catch and effort information submitted by ICCAT member and non-member nations. This section provides a summary interpretation of the stock assessment results.

The 1999 SCRS report/stock assessment for bigeye tuna indicates (as have previous SCRS reports) that the catch of undersized fish remains a major problem in the Atlantic bigeye tuna fishery. The share of bigeye tuna less than the ICCAT minimum size (3.2 kg) is approximately 55 percent, by number, of all bigeye tuna harvested. This number has stabilized since with the time/area closure for purse seining in the eastern tropical Atlantic area (detailed in Section 4.2.3), but still remains a concern (SCRS 1999b)

In 1997, SCRS recommended a reduction of overall catch of bigeye tuna to at least the 1992 level (approximately 85,000 mt in the 1997 estimate, but revised to 97,000 mt in 1999). The 1998 catch was 95,000 mt, slightly less than 1992 levels, but still higher than the sustainable catch level. The results of the latest stock assessment indicate an MSY between 79,000 and 94,000 mt. One important component of the 1999 bigeye tuna assessment was the incorporation of revised data from previous years. This resulted in the addition of some 20,000 mt of previously unreported catch. SCRS recommended a reduction of catch to approximately 80,000 mt to reduce the probability of further decline of the stock, although an additional reduction of catch would be required to rebuild the stock to MSY levels. The SCRS was unable to provide recovery projections in 1999 due to lack of data.

1.1 Life History/Species Biology Information

Compared to other tuna and tuna-like species, less research has been conducted on bigeye tuna. The lack of reasonable estimates of some biological parameters considerably hinders the stock assessment process. The Bigeye Tuna Year Program, which calls for extensive research on bigeye tuna, was adopted in 1996 and began its operation in 1999 as funds became available. Additional information on the life history of Atlantic bigeye tuna can be found in the HMS FMP (Sections 2.2.1 and 6.3.1.2).

1.2 Most Recent Stock Assessment Data

ICCAT currently manages Atlantic bigeye tuna based on an Atlantic-wide single stock hypothesis. However, the possibility of other scenarios, including north and south stocks, does exist, and should not be disregarded (SCRS 1999b)

Table 1 Summary Table for Atlantic Bigeye Tuna

Age/size at Maturity	Age 3/~100 cm curved fork length
Spawning Sites	Tropical waters
Current Relative Biomass Level* Minimum Stock Size Threshold	SSB₉₈/SSB_MSY = 0.57 - 0.63 0.6B_MSY (age 2+)
Current Relative Fishing Mortality Rate* F₁₉₉₈/F_MSY Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold	F₉₈/F_MSY = 1.50 - 1.82 F_MSY
Outlook	Overfished; overfishing is occurring
Management Measures in Place	Minimum sizes; time/area closures for fish aggregating device (FAD) fishing; limit on number of vessels > 24 m length overall (LOA) (not applicable to countries catching less than 2000 mt/year); catch and vessel limit for Chinese Taipei. No specific rebuilding program is in place.

*B/B_MSY and F/F_MSY ranges are ranges of estimates from different model formulations rather than confidence intervals around an estimate

2 ATLANTIC YELLOWFIN TUNA

The SCRS did not conduct a new stock assessment for Atlantic yellowfin tuna in 1999. The most recent stock assessment was conducted in 1998 and a summary of the status of Atlantic yellowfin tuna can be found in the HMS FMP (Section 2.2.1). The next assessment is scheduled for July 2000.

2.1 Life History/Species Biology Information

No new life history information is available regarding Atlantic yellowfin tuna, although research on the life history of yellowfin and other Atlantic tunas is currently being conducted and/or funded by NMFS. The HMS FMP (Sections 2.2.1 and 6.3.1.5) includes summary information on the life history of yellowfin tuna.

2.2 Most Recent Stock Assessment Data

Based on migration patterns, as well as other information (e.g., time-area size frequency distributions and locations of fishing ground), ICCAT currently manages Atlantic yellowfin tuna based on an Atlantic-wide single stock hypothesis.

Table 2 Summary Table for Atlantic Yellowfin Tuna

Age/size at Maturity	Age 3/~110 cm curved fork length
Spawning Sites	Tropical waters
Current Relative Biomass Level Minimum Stock Size Threshold	unknown 0.5B_MSY (age 2+)
Current Relative Fishing Mortality Rate F₁₉₉₇/F_MSY Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold	F₉₇/F_MSY = 0.97-1.35 F_MSY
Outlook	Stock not overfished, overfishing may be occurring
Management Measures in Place	Minimum sizes; ICCAT recommendation for effective fishing effort not to exceed 1992 levels; recreational retention limit in the United States.

3 NORTH ATLANTIC ALBACORE TUNA

The SCRS did not conduct a new stock assessment for Atlantic (northern, southern, or Mediterranean) albacore tuna in 1999. The latest stock assessment was conducted in 1998. The HMS FMP includes a summary of the status of the stock of northern Atlantic albacore tuna (Section 2.2.1). The next assessment for both North Atlantic and South Atlantic albacore tuna is scheduled for October 2000.

3.1 Life History/Species Biology Information

No new life history information is available regarding Atlantic albacore tuna. Please refer to the HMS FMP (Sections 2.2.1 and 6.3.1.4) for more information on the life history of albacore tuna.

3.2 Most Recent Stock Assessment Data

On the basis of the available biological information, the existence of three stocks of albacore tuna is assumed for assessment and management purposes; northern and southern Atlantic stocks (separated at 5 N) and a Mediterranean stock. The United States primarily fishes on the north Atlantic stock/management unit, with very minor catches (~ 1 mt) of south Atlantic albacore.

Table 3 Summary Table for the North Atlantic Albacore Tuna

Age/size at Maturity	Age 5/~90 cm curved fork length
Spawning Sites	Subtropical western waters of the Northern Hemisphere
Current Relative Biomass Level Minimum Stock Size Threshold	B₉₇/B_MSY= 0.47 (0.34 - 0.63) B_90-94/B_75-80= 0.72 0.7B_MSY
Current Relative Fishing Mortality Rate F₁₉₉₇/F_MSY Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold	F₉₇/F_MSY = 1.39 (uncertain) F₉₇/F_MAX = 0.91 F₉₇/F_0.1 = 1.60 F_MSY
Outlook	Overfished; overfishing is occurring
Management Measures in Place	Limit number of vessels to average number 1993-1995

4 WEST ATLANTIC SKIPJACK TUNA

The characteristics of Atlantic skipjack tuna stocks and fisheries make it extremely difficult to conduct stock assessments using current models. Continuous recruitment occurring throughout the year, but heterogeneous in time and area, makes it impossible to identify and monitor individual cohorts. Apparent variable growth between areas makes it difficult to interpret size distributions and their conversion to ages. For these reasons, SCRS did not conduct a stock assessment for Atlantic (west or east) skipjack tuna in 1999, although some estimates were made (SCRS 1999b).

2.3.4.1 Life History/Species Biology Information

No new life history information is available regarding Atlantic skipjack tuna. Please refer to the HMS FMP (Sections 2.2.1 and 6.3.1.4) for more information on the life history of skipjack tuna.

2.3.4.2 Most Recent Stock Assessment Data

The stock structure of Atlantic skipjack tuna is not well known, and two management units (east and west) have been established due to the development of fisheries on both sides of the Atlantic and the lack of transatlantic recoveries of tagged skipjack tuna. U.S. vessels fish on the west Atlantic stock/management unit.

Table 4 Summary Table for West Atlantic Skipjack Tuna

Age/size at Maturity	Age 1 to 2/~50 cm curved fork length
Spawning Sites	Opportunistically in tropical and subtropical waters
Current Relative Biomass Level Minimum Stock Size Threshold	unknown unknown
Current Relative Fishing Mortality Rate F₁₉₉₈/F_MSY Maximum Fishing Mortality Threshold	unknown F_MSY
Outlook	unknown

Source :

2000 Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation for Atlantic Highly Migratory Species

U.S. Department of Commerce
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National Marine Fisheries Service
Office of Sustainable Fisheries
Highly Migratory Species Management Division
1315 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910

Design of Decission Supporting System for Agroindustry Development Base on Superior Commodity in Gorontalo

2007-05-09T10:40:00.000-07:00

Design of Decission Supporting System for Agroindustry Development Base on Superior Commodity in Gorontalo¹)

By : Zainudin AK. Antuli², Machfud³, Muhammad Romli³

ABSTRACT

The aim of this research is to find the system formulation of agroindustry development based superior commodity. There are seven phase, there were : analysis strategic of agroindustry using ISM and AHP method, analysis of superior commodity using AHP method, analysis of prospective agroindustry product with AHP method, analysis of potential location in developing superior commodity with MPE method, determining of optimum agreement price with Fibonacci method, financial analysis with NPV, IRR, NBCR and PP.

The models were integrated in Model Based Management System (MBMS) and the data were integrated in Data Based Management System (DBMS). The MBMS and DBMS are integrated with Dialog Management System and then all components are integrated and implemented into a computer softwere name SPABKU program.

The result of the verification showed that strategy of agroindustry` development based superior commodity was priotrizing in creating business atmosphere which supporting the growth of new agroindustry that focusing in providing facility, superior commodity was corn, agroindustry product was animal feed, potential location in development agroindustry was Gorontalo Regency, financial analysis of animal feed agroindustry is suitable and optimum agreement price Rp 1.484,01

Keywords : agroindustry, superior commodity, agroindustrial product, development strategy.

¹A Part of Master Degree Thesis in Master Degree School of Technology Agroindustry of IPB-Indonesia
² A Master Degree Student of IPB's Technology Agroindustry Program - Indonesia
³Lecturers in IPB's Technology Agroindustry Program - Indonesia

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A profiling optics and water return system for validation and calibration of ocean color imagery

2007-05-05T12:58:00.000-07:00

W. J. Rhea, G. M. Lamela, and C. O. Davis

Citation
W. J. Rhea, G. M. Lamela, and C. O. Davis, "A profiling optics and water return system for validation and calibration of ocean color imagery,"

Abstract

We describe a Profiling Optical and Water Return (POWR) system that has been developed and used extensively at sea. The POWR system is a collection of oceanographic instruments used to measure the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the upper 100m of the ocean while simultaneously collecting up to eight water samples at various depths for chemical and biological analysis. IOPs are local measurements that are directly related to the properties of the water at the depth sampled; hence it is critical that the water samples be taken at the same time and location as the IOPs. Used during three major experiments, the POWR system has proven valuable for relating IOPs to in-water constituents in support of ocean color remote sensing data product validation, optical model validation, and other interdisciplinary programs.

© 2007 Optical Society of America

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Keywords (OCIS):
(000.2170) General : Equipment and techniques
(010.4450) Atmospheric and ocean optics : Ocean optics

Femtosecond mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with intra-cavity loss controlled full L-band wavelength tunability

2007-05-05T12:50:00.000-07:00

Gong-Ru Lin and Jun-Yuan Chang

Citation
G. -R. Lin and J. -Y. Chang, "Femtosecond mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber ring laser with intra-cavity loss controlled full L-band wavelength tunability,"

Abstract
By using a tunable-ratio optical coupler (TROC) to adjust the wavelength dependent intra-cavity loss, a L-band mode-locked erbium-doped fiber-ring laser (ML-EDFL) is demonstrated for generating wavelength-tunable femtosecond pulses. The change of output coupling ratio introduces different intra-cavity loss and shifts the peak of mode-locked gain profile to provide continuous detuning on wavelength of the ML-EDFL. A maximum tuning range of about 40 nm (from 1565.1 to 1605.3 nm) by decreasing the output coupling ratio from 95% to 5% is obtained, corresponding to a wavelength tuning slope of 2.25 nm/dB. The ML-EDFL exhibits a super-mode suppressing ratio as high as 47 dB and a pulsewidth of <5>