Author:
B. Sauvage ; R. V. Martin ; A. van Donkelaar ; X. Liu ; K. Chance ; L. Jaeglé ; P. I. Palmer ; S. Wu ; T.-M. Fu

Abstract:
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O₃, NO₂, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O₃, CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O₃ from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NO_x and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O₃ in the upper troposphere by 5-20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1-4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O₃ columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO₂ and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide top-down constraints on emission inventories of NO_x (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The top-down biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NO_x over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O₃ by 5-20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O₃ columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dynamical schemes (GEOS-3 and GEOS-4) is evaluated versus observations; GEOS-4 better represents O₃ observations by 5-15 ppbv, reflecting enhanced convective detrainment in the upper troposphere. Heterogeneous uptake of HNO₃ on aerosols reduces simulated O₃ by 5-7 ppbv, reducing a model bias versus in situ observations over and downwind of deserts. Exclusion of HO₂ uptake on aerosols increases O₃ by 5 ppbv in biomass burning regions, reducing a model bias versus MOZAIC aircraft measurements.

Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Issn: 16807316
EIssn: 16807324
Year: 2007
Volume: 7
Issue: 3

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Technorati : GEOS-3, GEOS-4, GEOS-Chem, MOZAIC

Author: Blišťan Peter

Abstract:

Thematic maps, models and space simulations 3D are frequent form of geological data in GIS. Thematic maps and spatial should represent models date quantitative and qualitative measurement and ground laboratory study in an appropriate form. Point line of the use of trademarks and form of qualitative dates in a practice.On creating thematic maps, models and computer simulations to work together. Researchers and engineers from various special-oriented (geologist, surveyors, builder, ecology, programmer) working together on the creation of thematic maps, the different models and computer simulation. It is important that all the directions and methodological principles were observed in the creation of GIS because GIS can be accumulated in practice not to use.

Journal: Acta Montanistica Slovaca Year: 2007 Vol: 12 Issue: speci 3

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Technorati : geology ; data ; Geographic information systems ; model ; simulation ; thematic maps

Author:
Gustafson Carl ;
Bug William ;
Nissanov Jonathan

Abstract

Background

Biomedical three-dimensional images sets are becoming ubiquitous, and the atlas canonical providing the framework for spatial analysis. To take full advantage of this 3D image sets, we must be able to present the views 2D display, or the surface of records or 2D cross-sections through the data. Typical of the software is limited to presentations on one of the three orthogonal axes anatomical (coronal, sagittal or horizontal). However, the data sets specifically oriented along the major roads are rare. To make full use of these data, one must reasonably reflect the atlas guidance, which implies resampling in the atlas planes compared with the data set. Traditionally, this requires the atlas and the browser are on the user's desktop, unfortunately, in addition to being monolithic programs, these tools often require substantial resources. In this article, we describe a network capable, and client part of the deal and 3D visualization atlases at off-axis angles, with a score of architecture and development kit to facilitate their integration in complex environments data analysis.

Results

Here, we describe the basic architecture of a client / server 3D visualization system, consisting of a thin client built on a Java Development Kit, and a calculation robust, high-performance server written in ANSI C + +. The client Java components (NetOStat) support arbitrary viewing angle and manage readily available on desktop computers running Mac OS X, Windows XP or Linux in a downloadable Java Application. Using the NeuroTerrain Software Development Kit (SDK NT), Atlas of sophisticated navigation can be added to any application compatible Java requiring as little as 50 lines of Java code glue, which makes it eminently re-useable and more accessible to programmers build more complex, the tools for analyzing biomedical data. The NT-SDK separates interactive GUI components from the server control and monitoring, in order to support the development of non-interactive applications. The application server takes full advantage of the data center of high performance equipment, which can be located together with centrally-located, 3D data repositories, expanding access to the research community through the Internet.

Conclusion

The combination of a server optimized and modular platform independent client offers an ideal environment for 3D visualization complex biomedical data, taking full advantage of high-performance servers to prepare imagery and subsets of metadata for display, as well as the graphical capabilities in Java to actually display the data.

Journal: BMC Bioinformatics Year: 2007 Vol: 8 Issue: 1

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Technorati : 3D data repositories, 3D image, biomedical data, spatial analysis

Author:
Lynch Andy ;
Neal David ;
Kelly John ;
Burtt Glyn ;
Thorne Natalie

Abstract

Background
There are mechanisms, including ozone degradation, which can damage a single channel of two-channel microarray experiments. Analysis therefore often choose between unacceptable inclusion of the poor quality of data or exclusion of certain unpleasant (perhaps a lot of) good quality data as well as the bad. Two of these approaches will be a single channel using some data analysis of all tables, and an analysis of all data, but only about paintings unchanged. In this paper we examine a "combined" approach to the analysis of these experiments affected that uses all the data unchanged.

Results
A simulation experience shows that if a single channel performs an analysis relatively well while the majority of the tables are affected, and the exclusion of affected tables performs relatively well when some tables are affected (as would be expected in both cases) the combined approach performs both off. There are advantages to actively pursue the estimation of the key parameters of the approach, but if they offset the rising cost of computation and complexity of more than just setting parameter to a fixed value n ' is unclear. The inclusion data affected ozone results in poor performance, with a clear purpose in the apparent damage.

Conclusion
It is not necessary to exclude data not allocated, in order to remove those that are damaged. The combined approach discussed here is displayed on the outside make more usual approach, but it seems that if the damage is limited to very few tables, or spreads almost everything, then the benefits will be limited. In other circumstances, however, major improvements in performance can be achieved through the adoption of such an approach.

Journal : BMC Bioinformatics [Year: 2007 ; Volume: 8; Issue: 1]

Author:
K. W. Smith ;
A. L. Aretxabaleta

Abstract:
Expectation maximization (EM) was used to estimate the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model spatial data series. The method is presented as an alternative and complement to Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The weight, combining points with time component distributions are used to distinguish the physical regimes. The method is applied to data equatorial Pacific surface temperature of the sea from the TAO / TRITON mooring series. Indeed, the EM algorithm partitions of the time series in El Niño, La Niña and normal conditions. The EM method leads to a clear interpretation of the variability associated with each basic scheme of analysis EOF.

Journal: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics

Technorati : El Niño, La Niña

Author:
Peter Janssen
Werner Alpers

Institution
ECMWF, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, United Kingdom Institut für Meereskunde, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany

Summary
It would be desirable to have a tool for the global recognition for the phenomenon of rogue states or on the surface of the ocean Waves. Based on the theory of SAR imaging of the surface of the ocean waves developed in the 1980's, argues Despite the recent period, which claim the contrary, it is not possible for the data to SAR wave mode and the ERS The Envisat satellite.

The main reason is that due to the movement of the surface of the sea, the SAR imaging Mechanism is usually not very linear. The resolution SAR images of the ocean is a place very distorted wave Pictures of the ocean wave city, which is little resemblance to the reality of city water. The exceptions are Perhaps if narrow-band trains Swell on the rank in the direction of the wind, a lack of marine However, These cases are rare and can not be regarded as a representative cross-section of the global division of the sea, the United States.

The courts of the highest in the SAR image of the intensity or the "groupiness" picture distribution of intensity not Not as a rule are the locations for the maximum amplitude of the waves or in the "groupiness" in the water. So it is not possible to deal with this technology, reliable information on the probability of occurrence Extreme waves of the ocean in global

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Technorati : Extreme, Global, SAR, Wave

Report of the Second Workshop on The Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of South-East Asia

Editor:
W. F. Perrin,
R. R. Reeves,
M. L. L. Dolar,
T. A. Jefferson,
H. Marsh,
J. Y. Wang
J. Estacion

Introduction
This document is the report of the Second Workshop on the Biology and Conservation of Small Cetaceans and Dugongs of Southeast Asia,
held in the Philippines at Silliman University in Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, 24-26 July, 2002. The first workshop was held in 1995, also at Silliman University; it was sponsored by the United Nations Environment Programme (Perrin et al. 1996). The second workshop was sponsored by the Convention on Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS), also known as the Bonn Convention. Additional support for participants was provided by the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation in Hong Kong, WWF-US, and WWF-Philippines. Content and participation were organized by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of U.S. NOAA Fisheries and the consulting firm Tropical Marine Research. Travel and local arrangements were organized by the Marine Laboratory of Silliman University (SUML). Scientists and conservationists were present from Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China (Mainland, Taiwan and Hong Kong), Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, U.S. and Vietnam.

Published by :
UNEP/CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany, 161 pages
CMS Technical Series Publication No. 9 - 2005

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Technorati : Biology, CMS, Cetaceans, Conservation, Dugongs, NOAA, South-East Asia, TMR, UNEP, WWF

Author:
Hennessy Deborah ;
Hicks Carolyn ;
Hilan Aflah ;
Kawonal Yoanna

Abstract

Background

Indonesia's recent economic and political history has left a legacy of widespread poverty and serious health problems, and has contributed to marked inequalities in health care. One means of responding to these challenges has been through a reconsideration of the professional roles of nurses, to enable them to deal with the range and complexity of health problems. However, there are currently a number of obstacles to achieving these aims: there is a serious shortfall in trained nurses; the majority of nurses have only limited education and preparation for the role; and there is no central registration of nurses, which means that it is impossible to regulate either the profession or the standards of care. This study aimed to establish the occupational profiles of each grade of nurse, identify their training and development needs and ascertain whether any differences existed between nurses working in different regions or within hospital or community settings.

Methods

An established and psychometrically valid questionnaire was administered to 524 nurses, covering three grades and coming from five provinces.

Results

Significant differences in job profile were found in nurses from different provinces, suggesting that the nature of the role is determined to some degree by the geographical location of practice. The roles of hospital and community nurses, and the different grades of nurse, were fairly similar. All nurses reported significant training needs for all 40 tasks, although these did not vary greatly between grade of nurse. The training needs of nurses from each of the provinces were quite distinct, while those of hospital nurses were greater than those of community nurses.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the role of the nurse is not as diverse as might be expected, given the different levels of preparation and training and the diversity of their work environments. This may reflect the lack of a central registration system and quality framework, which would normally regulate clinical activities according to qualifications. The differences in training needs between subsections of the sample highlight the importance of identifying skills deficits and using this information to develop customized post-registration education programmes. Together, these results provide a rigorous and reliable approach to defining the occupational roles and continuing education needs of Indonesian nurses.

Published by :
Human Resources for Health, 4:10doi:10.1186/1478-4491-4-10
Issn: 14784491
Year: 2006
Volume: 4

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Technorati : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training
Del.icio.us : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training

Author:
C. Leemhuis and G. Gerold
Department of Geography, University of G¨ottingen, Germany

Abstract:
Precipitation anomalies caused by the warm phase (El Nino) of the ENSO cycle lead to a strong decrease of water resources in South-East Asia. The aim of this work is to study the impact of warm phase ENSO caused precipitation anomalies on the water balance of a mesoscale tropical catchment in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia using a scenario analysis. We applied statistically generated precipitation anomalies caused by warm phase ENSO events on a validated hydrological model of the Palu River catchment (2694 km2) to investigate the implications of the generated ENSO scenarios on the total annual water balance, the annual discharge regime and the discharge variability. Moreover we analysed the influence of various catchment characteristics during warm phase ENSO conditions on the discharge variability through a comparison of different sub-catchment types. The results of the scenario analysis proved a severe decline of the annual discharge rate during warm phase ENSO conditions and an increase of the overall discharge variability.

Published by :
Advances in Geosciences, 6, 217-220, 2006
SRef-ID: 1680-7359/adgeo/2006-6-217
European Geosciences Union

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Technorati : Advances in Geosciences, Anomalies, ENSO, El Nino, Indonesia, Mesoscale, Palu, South-East Asia, Tropical
Del.icio.us : Advances in Geosciences, Anomalies, ENSO, El Nino, Indonesia, Mesoscale, Palu, South-East Asia, Tropical

Author:
Ken Moule
Exa-Min Resource Industry Consultants Pty Ltd

Abstract:
This paper investigates models for management of extended Geosciences data sets, based on experience collating historic and current data sets to build a three dimensional model of the Gympie Eldorado Mine. Rather than migrate all data to restrictive GIS data structures, the consultants integrated a range of specialist and "off-the-shelf" applications, into a unified data management model. The GeoBasemap MapLinker product is being deployed to provide active, two-way links between the MapInfo GIS and third party applications. This model accommodates extended data types such as images, word processor documents and spreadsheets, as well as managing interaction with sensitive data via database forms, rather than allowing uncontrolled edit of attributes through traditional GIS interfaces. Exa-Min's experience in managing the complex Gympie data set has led to further refinement of the MapLinker product, that is now being deployed in the wider GIS community.

Published by :

Australian Institute of Geoscientists
AIG Journal - Applied geoscientific research and practice in Australia
Paper 2000-05 April 2000

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Technorati : AIG Journal, GIS, Mapinfo, database, gympie

Author:
M. R. Mulholland
Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia
23529-0276, USA

Abstract:
While we now know that N2 fixation is a significant source of new nitrogen (N) in the marine environment, little is known about the fate of this N (and associated C), despite the importance of diazotrophs to global carbon and nutrient cycles. Specifically, does N fixed during N2 fixation fuel autotrophic or heterotrophic growth and thus facilitate carbon (C) export from the euphotic zone, or does it contribute primarily to bacterial productivity and respiration in the euphotic zone? For Trichodesmium, the diazotroph we know the most about, the transfer of recently fixed N2 (and C) appears to be primarily through dissolved pools. The release of N varies among and within populations and as a result of the changing physiological state of cells and populations. The net result of trophic transfers appears to depend on the co-occurring organisms and the complexity of the colonizing community. In order to understand the impact of diazotrophy on carbon flow and export in marine systems, we need a better understanding of the trophic flow of elements in Trichodesmium- dominated communities and other diazotrophic communities under various defined physiological states. Nitrogen and carbon fixation rates themselves vary by orders of magnitude within and among studies of Trichodesmium, highlighting the difficulty in extrapolating global rates of N2 fixation from direct measurements. Because the stoichiometry of N2 and C fixation does not appear to be in balance with that of particles, and the relationship between C and N2 fixation rates is also variable, it is equally difficult to derive global rates of one from the other. This paper seeks to synthesize what is known about the fate of diazotrophic production in the environment. A better understanding of the physiology and physiological ecology of Trichodesmium and other marine diazotrophs is necessary to quantify and predict the effects of increased or decreased diazotrophy in the context of the carbon cycle and global change.

Published by :
Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Biogeosciences, 4, 37-51, 2007

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Technorati : N2 Fixation, Nitrogen, autotroph, carbon cycle, carbon flow, diazotroph, global change, marine, n2, ocean, trophic flow

Author:
A. Gnanadesikan (1), J. L. Russell (2), and Fanrong Zeng (3)

1) NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
2) Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
3) RSIS, Princeton, NJ, USA

Abstract:
Since the upper ocean takes up much of the heat added to the earth system by anthropogenic global warming, one would expect that global warming would lead to an increase in stratification and a decrease in the ventilation of the ocean interior. However, multiple simulations in global coupled climate models using an ideal age tracer which is set to zero in the mixed layer and ages at 1 yr/yr outside this layer show that the intermediate depths in the low latitudes, Northwest Atlantic, and parts of the Arctic Ocean become younger under global warming. This paper reconciles these apparently ontradictory trends, showing that the decreases result from changes in the relative contributions of old deep waters and younger surface waters. Implications for the tropical oxygen minimum zones, which play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling are considered in detail.

Published by :

Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Ocean Science., 3, 43-53, 2007
© Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

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Technorati : Northwest Atlantic, Oxygen, anthropogenic, artic ocean, biogeochemical, climate model, cycling, deep water, global warming, mixed layer, ocean, surface waer

Author:
Andrew Thomas, (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Libby Hall 213, Orono, ME 04469-5741, US)
Deirdre Byrne,
Ryan Weatherbee

Abstract
A time series of 23 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 thermal infrared images over the period 1986-1996 is used to quantify variability of sea surface temperature (SST) along the central coast of Maine, a morphologically complex region of bays, estuaries, and islands. An iterative regression scheme using coregistered, temporally coincident, daily composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST data is used to scale the TM digital numbers in each scene to SST, approximating an atmospheric correction. This approach provides temporally concurrent match-ups, even for Landsat scenes more than 10 years old and over 1000 data points to most regressions. Analysis of the TM scenes by year-day delivers temporal resolution sufficient for insight into overall seasonal pattern and allows identification of recurring seasonal features within the study area. The dominant seasonal patterns is a cross-shelf SST gradient of coldest water nearshore in winter which reverses sign in summer and disappears in spring and fall. Differences in summer SST are evident between four adjacent bays, attributable to differences in residual circulation, freshwater input, and flushing. Recurrent frontal zones evident in summer are identified and compare well to available but noncoincident in situ hydrographic data.

Publisher:
2002 Elsevier Science Inc.

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Technorati : AVHRR, Fishery, Indonesia, Landsat, Oceanography, Thematic Mapper, Visible remote sensing, hydrographic data, infrared, temperature distributions

Author:
A.P.Trishchenko
A.Rublev
A.B.Uspensky
T.Udalova
N.Zysina
M.Buchwitz
V.Rozanov
A.Rozanov
T.Zhuravleva
S.Wang
A.N.Trotsenko
R.Fernandes

Abstract
This paper considers various problems related to the capabilities of satellite observations for retrieving CO2 surface fluxes and atmospheric concentrations over boreal forests. A novel regression model suitable for calculating various components of CO2 fluxes at the surface level and employing satellite data as input has been developed. Results of this model are validated against observations and compared to the results produced by the European LPJ dynamic global vegetation model and the Canadian ecosystem model EALCO. The comparison was conducted over two boreal sites (Canada (Manitoba) and Russia (Zotino)) and shows a satisfactory agreement between modeled and observed values. Initial CO2 atmospheric column retrievals from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT indicate that it is possible to detect reduced CO2 atmospheric column amounts resulting from the uptake of CO2 by growing vegetation. The potential of combined solar and thermal satellite observations and upcoming IASI/METOP for CO2 monitoring is discussed.

Keywords:
CO2 , boreal forest, satellite monitoring, SCIAMACHY, ENVISAT, MODIS, AIRS, IASI
discussed.

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Technorati : AIRS, CO2, ENVISAT, IASI, MODIS, SCIAMACHY, boreal forest, satellite monitoring

Author:
Kieran T.A. O'Driscoll,Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Dmitri A. Nechaev

Abstract:
The basic properties of a developed regional model of the circulation of the Indonesian Seas are outlined. The model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model, has 250x250 grid cells in the horizontal with grid spacing of 10km and 29 -levels in the vertical. It is well known that the complex topography of the region strongly in uences temperature, salinity and currents distributions there. One of the signicant properties of this model is that all basic topographic features are resolved. The model has four open ports to simulate in ow of North Pacic Water from the Mindanao Current, in ow of South Pacic Water from the New Guinea Coastal Current, out ow to the Pacic Ocean due to the North Equatorial Counter Current, and to the Indian Ocean due to the Indonesian Through Flow. Total transports through the open ports and port normal velocities are specied from observations. Orlanski's conditions are employed at the open ports with port normal velocity nudged to observed values and temperature and salinity to climatology. Port channels are introduced so the effects of open boundary conditions do not impact the dynamics of the main region. An additional friction was included in the vicinity of some narrow passages and sills as a proxy for specic processes such as tides and internal waves that occur within these topographic features. Four experiments are discussed: seasonally varying and annual mean transports and port normal velocities both with and without local winds. All experiments are totally spun up after 10 years. This analysis uses data from the post spin up period only. The basic properties of simulated total transports through the main passages in the region, surface circulation and sea-surface heights are discussed. The portion of North Pacifc Water entering the Indonesian Seas relative to that leaving through the North Equatorial Counter Current port is fairly constant throughout the year. Most of this water takes the western route through the Makassar Strait. The portion of South Pacifc Water entering the Halmahera Sea compared to that exiting in the North Equatorial Counter Current varies considerably with the seasons. Turning of the local winds does not substantially in uence the transport through main passages in the model domain. Surface circulation patterns change substantially with the seasons. The role of dierent terms in the heat and salt equations was investigated by dividing the region into a number of boxes. For any given box, the sum of the horizontal advective fluxes of temperature (salinity) through all sides of the box is on the same order as the vertical heat (salt) flux at the surface, interior nudging term, and the rate of time variation of the box integrated temperature (salinity). The comparison of the basic structure of the model surface circulation, sea-surface heights and total transport values through the main passages with observations appears satisfactory

Institution:

• U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.


• Department of Marine Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.

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Technorati : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Del.icio.us : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Ice Rocket : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Flickr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Zooomr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Buzznet : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features

Author:
Delphine Nobileau,
David Antoine Laboratoire

Institution:
Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France

Abstract
An algorithm is presented, which is designed to identify blue-absorbing aerosols from near infrared and visible remote-sensing observations, as they are in particular collected by satellite ocean color sensors. The technique basically consists in determining an error budget at one wavelength around 510 nm, based on a first-guess estimation of the atmospheric path reflectance as if the atmosphere was of a maritime type, and on a reasonable hypothesis about the marine signal at this wavelength. The budget also includes the typical calibration uncertainty and the natural variability in the ocean optical properties. Identification of blue-absorbing aerosols is then achieved when the error budget demonstrates a significant over-correction of the atmospheric signal when using non-absorbing maritime aerosols. Implementation of the algorithm is presented, and its application to real observations by the MERIS and SeaWiFS ocean color sensors is discussed. The results demonstrate the skill of the algorithm in various regions of the ocean where absorbing aerosols are present, and for two different sensors. A validation of the results is also performed against in situ data from the AERONET, and further illustrates the skill of the algorithm and its general applicability.

Publisher:
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Year:
2005

Keywords:
Blue-absorbing aerosols; Near infrared; Visible remote sensing; Ocean color

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Technorati : Blue, Near infrared, Visible remote sensing, aerosols, ocean color

Type :
Report

Opening/Summary:
The Eastern Indonesia Tuna Fishery Data Collection Workshop was held at the headquarters of the Research Center for Capture Fisheries in Jakarta, from 30 to 31 January 2007. The workshop was attended by 29 participants from five Indonesian government agencies, industry, Australia, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, the Secretariat of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission and other agencies (see Appendix III).

The workshop was part of the Indonesia and Philippines Data Collection Project, which was developed by the Preparatory Conference for the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific (Anon. 2003) and adopted by the WCPFC in December 2005. The objectives of the IPDCP are (1) to collect and compile data that can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the assessments of tuna stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and (2) to improve the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Philippines and Indonesia so that both countries will be able to fulfill their future obligations in regard to the provision of fisheries data to the Commission.

Prior to the workshop, during 2005 and 2006, a review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system in Indonesia was conducted as part of the IPDCP by Mr Craig Proctor of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia and Mr Budi Nugraha of RCCF and the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries of Indonesia. The objectives of the
workshop were to consider the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system, and to draft recommendations for the improvement of tuna fishery data collection.

Funding for the IPDCP has been provided by Chinese Taipei, France, New Zealand and the United States of America. The review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system was funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and CSIRO. Dr Wudianto, Director of RCCF, welcomed the participants and introduced the opening speaker, Dr
Indroyono Soesilo, Chairman of the Marine and Fisheries Research Agency.

Dr Soesilo spoke of Indonesias participation in regional fisheries management organisations, such as CCSBT and IOTC, and of the benefits that have accrued to Indonesia through collaboration with those organisations, particularly in regard to the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean waters of Indonesia. Such monitoring should be replicated in Eastern Indonesia and, in this regard, he proposed establishing a tuna monitoring station, similar to the station in Benoa, for Eastern
Indonesia in Manado. He noted that Indonesia was in the process of becoming a member of WCPFC and that Indonesia intended to participate very actively. Dr Soesilo gave a warm welcome to the participants and wished them success in their deliberations. Dr SungKwon Soh welcomed the participants on behalf of the WCPFC Secretariat, SPC and CSIRO.

Publisher:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Year:
February 2007

Keyword:
Tuna, Regional Fisheries, CCSBT, WCPFC, CSIRO, IOTC, Indonesia, Fishery

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Labels:
Report

Tittle:
Target position and trajectory measurements by videogrammetry

Author:
Stephen Hobbs

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Development of a relative motion model for satellite formation flying around L2

Author:
Jennifer Roberts

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Statistical detection and imaging of objects hidden in turbid media using ballistic photons

Author:
Sina Farsiu,
James Christofferson,
Brian Eriksson,
Peyman Milanfar,
Benjamin Friedlander,
Ali Shakouri,
Robert Nowak

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Parameter Estimation of 2-D Random Amplitude Polynomial-Phase Signals

Author:
Joseph M. Francos
Benjamin Friedlander

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., in the Gulf of Maine

Author:
David W. Townsend,
Neal R. Pettigrew,
Andrew C. Thomas

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
THE POTENTIAL APPLICATION REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR COASTAL STUDY

Author:
Gathot Winarso
Judijanto
Syarif Budhiman

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
IMAGE ANALYSIS TOOLBOX AND ENHANCED SATELLITE IMAGERY INTEGRATED INTO THE MAPPLACE

Author:
Ward E. Kilby,
Karl Kliparchuk
Andrew McIntosh

Language/Country:
English

Summary:

Tittle:
ROLE OF SPACE REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY ROLE OF SPACE REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND REHABILITATION IN NANGROE ACEH DARUSSALAM AND NORTH SUMATERA

Author:
Bambang Tejasukmana

Language/Country:
English/Indonesia

Institution:
National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) - Indonesia

Type :
PDF (presentation)

Field :
Remote Sensing, Ecology

Years :
2005

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Tittle:
Improving our knowledge of Australia’s near-pristine estuaries
Geomorphic habitat mapping and related applications
Final report


Author :
John Creasey, Ashwin Dyall, Catherine Ticehurst,
Ben Rodgers, Alan Marks, Lynda Radke, Brendan Brooke,
David Ryan, Andrew Heap, Emma Murray and Arnold Dekker

Report highlights:

Geomorphic habitat mapping

The geomorphic habitats of 158 near-pristine estuaries were mapped in the Comparative Geomorphology of Estuaries Project by methods outlined in the Chapter 2. The maps comprise industry-standard ArcGIS files consisting of a base map of the estuary boundary, and vector layers showing the extent of subaerial, tidal and sub-tidal habitats. The maps are available for download in the OzEstuaries database ( where they exist alongside the maps of near-pristine and modified estuaries generated during the NLWRA (2002).

The near-pristine estuaries that were mapped in this project were chosen to reflect, as far as possible, the full range of geomorphic variability in Australia: A statistically significant number of the different types of estuaries (between 16 and 26) were chosen, and these were spread as far as practicable around the Australian coastline. These estuaries are located in all the coastal geomorphic regions of Australia (Harris et al. 2002). Within this context, state government preferences and the availability of suitable images and photographs were also taken into account. By ‘estuary types’, we refer to the major kinds of coastal waterways (i.e. wave- and tide-dominated estuaries and deltas, tidal creeks, strandplains and embayments) which experience differing amounts of wave, tide and river energy (Heap et al. 2001). By ‘coastal geomorphic regions’ (Harris et al. 2002) we refer to the North-west Coast, Gulf of Carpentaria, North-east Coast, South-east Coast and South-west Coast.

Near-pristine estuaries from Queensland and the Northern Territory comprised by far the largest proportion of the estuaries mapped during the project, accounting for 46% and 30% respectively. Significantly fewer estuaries were mapped in Western Australia (11%), Tasmania (9%), New South Wales (2%) and Victoria (<1%) style="font-weight: bold;">Remote sensing techniques and applications to near-pristine estuaries

As mentioned previously, near-pristine estuaries tend to be located along the most remote and inaccessible parts of the coastline, making them difficult to study. This is why remote sensing techniques (satellite-based or airborne sensors) and related applications (eCognitionTM) were scoped for their potential use in monitoring and gathering further information on the habitats and water quality of near-pristine estuaries. Remote sensing involves the collection of information about the earth’s surface, using sensors mounted on satellites or aeroplanes. The result of remote sensing is an image from which the spatial distribution of different landscape characteristics (e.g. mangrove forests and seagrass beds) can be mapped.

Remote sensing has been used for many years to map the coastal zone both for research and for management purposes. One relevant example was the use of aerial photography to map Australia’s coastal geomorphic habitats during the NLWRA. However, it is underscored in the remote sensing methods and applications portions of this report that more advanced satellite and /or airborne remote sensing instruments are now available, and these can be even more costeffective and objective than aerial photo interpretation. This is because the imagery can be collected at larger spatial scales (regional) and because computer software is now available that can help automate the process by which maps are made from the images. For example, the eCognitionTM software package is designed to produce maps from remote sensing images by grouping similar adjacent features (e.g. water body or forest patches) in the landscape. We present a case study from the near-pristine Wildman River in the Northern Territory (see Chapter 4) in which we demonstrate that maps made from remotely sensed images using eCognitionTM are comparable to or better than maps made using manual digitising.

The level of detail and number of physical properties that can be mapped using remote sensing imagery depend largely on the characteristics and availability ofthe remote sensing instruments. In a second case study on near-pristine estuaries in tropical northern Queensland (see Chapter 3), different types of imagery were investigated for their ability to differentiate between the dominant vegetation types in an estuarine environment. An automated mapping routine was then developed and applied to widely available satellite data (Landsat ETM) to produce maps of the Daintree River, Cooper Creek and Noah Creek. These maps were then compared to aerial photo interpretations. Although slightly different land-cover types were used, the results were comparable for the common vegetation classes. The advantage in using Landsat ETM (Enhanced Thematic Mapper) data in an automatic mapping routine over manual interpretation of aerial photographs is that it is fast and can cover large regions. The disadvantage is that user knowledge and experience cannot be applied at the same level of detail.

It can be summarised that remote sensing used in combination with eCognitionTM (or like-programs) can reduce the time and effort required for routine monitoring and mapping of Australia’s near-pristine estuaries, and allow environmental managers and researchers to regularly update habitat maps to monitor changes through time.

Language/Country:
English

Institution:
Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management

Type :
PDF

Field :
GIS and Remote Sensing, Ecology

Years :
2006

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Tittle:
Fuzzy Set Based on GIS Application in Land Suitability Evaluation

Author :
M. Ramli
Sumbangan Baja

Abstract: