Author:
Andrew Thomas, (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Libby Hall 213, Orono, ME 04469-5741, US)
Deirdre Byrne,
Ryan Weatherbee

Abstract
A time series of 23 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 thermal infrared images over the period 1986-1996 is used to quantify variability of sea surface temperature (SST) along the central coast of Maine, a morphologically complex region of bays, estuaries, and islands. An iterative regression scheme using coregistered, temporally coincident, daily composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST data is used to scale the TM digital numbers in each scene to SST, approximating an atmospheric correction. This approach provides temporally concurrent match-ups, even for Landsat scenes more than 10 years old and over 1000 data points to most regressions. Analysis of the TM scenes by year-day delivers temporal resolution sufficient for insight into overall seasonal pattern and allows identification of recurring seasonal features within the study area. The dominant seasonal patterns is a cross-shelf SST gradient of coldest water nearshore in winter which reverses sign in summer and disappears in spring and fall. Differences in summer SST are evident between four adjacent bays, attributable to differences in residual circulation, freshwater input, and flushing. Recurrent frontal zones evident in summer are identified and compare well to available but noncoincident in situ hydrographic data.

Publisher:
2002 Elsevier Science Inc.

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Technorati : AVHRR, Fishery, Indonesia, Landsat, Oceanography, Thematic Mapper, Visible remote sensing, hydrographic data, infrared, temperature distributions

Author:
A.P.Trishchenko
A.Rublev
A.B.Uspensky
T.Udalova
N.Zysina
M.Buchwitz
V.Rozanov
A.Rozanov
T.Zhuravleva
S.Wang
A.N.Trotsenko
R.Fernandes

Abstract
This paper considers various problems related to the capabilities of satellite observations for retrieving CO2 surface fluxes and atmospheric concentrations over boreal forests. A novel regression model suitable for calculating various components of CO2 fluxes at the surface level and employing satellite data as input has been developed. Results of this model are validated against observations and compared to the results produced by the European LPJ dynamic global vegetation model and the Canadian ecosystem model EALCO. The comparison was conducted over two boreal sites (Canada (Manitoba) and Russia (Zotino)) and shows a satisfactory agreement between modeled and observed values. Initial CO2 atmospheric column retrievals from SCIAMACHY onboard ENVISAT indicate that it is possible to detect reduced CO2 atmospheric column amounts resulting from the uptake of CO2 by growing vegetation. The potential of combined solar and thermal satellite observations and upcoming IASI/METOP for CO2 monitoring is discussed.

Keywords:
CO2 , boreal forest, satellite monitoring, SCIAMACHY, ENVISAT, MODIS, AIRS, IASI
discussed.

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Technorati : AIRS, CO2, ENVISAT, IASI, MODIS, SCIAMACHY, boreal forest, satellite monitoring

Author:
Kieran T.A. O'Driscoll,Vladimir M. Kamenkovich, Dmitri A. Nechaev

Abstract:
The basic properties of a developed regional model of the circulation of the Indonesian Seas are outlined. The model, based on the Princeton Ocean Model, has 250x250 grid cells in the horizontal with grid spacing of 10km and 29 -levels in the vertical. It is well known that the complex topography of the region strongly in uences temperature, salinity and currents distributions there. One of the signicant properties of this model is that all basic topographic features are resolved. The model has four open ports to simulate in ow of North Pacic Water from the Mindanao Current, in ow of South Pacic Water from the New Guinea Coastal Current, out ow to the Pacic Ocean due to the North Equatorial Counter Current, and to the Indian Ocean due to the Indonesian Through Flow. Total transports through the open ports and port normal velocities are specied from observations. Orlanski's conditions are employed at the open ports with port normal velocity nudged to observed values and temperature and salinity to climatology. Port channels are introduced so the effects of open boundary conditions do not impact the dynamics of the main region. An additional friction was included in the vicinity of some narrow passages and sills as a proxy for specic processes such as tides and internal waves that occur within these topographic features. Four experiments are discussed: seasonally varying and annual mean transports and port normal velocities both with and without local winds. All experiments are totally spun up after 10 years. This analysis uses data from the post spin up period only. The basic properties of simulated total transports through the main passages in the region, surface circulation and sea-surface heights are discussed. The portion of North Pacifc Water entering the Indonesian Seas relative to that leaving through the North Equatorial Counter Current port is fairly constant throughout the year. Most of this water takes the western route through the Makassar Strait. The portion of South Pacifc Water entering the Halmahera Sea compared to that exiting in the North Equatorial Counter Current varies considerably with the seasons. Turning of the local winds does not substantially in uence the transport through main passages in the model domain. Surface circulation patterns change substantially with the seasons. The role of dierent terms in the heat and salt equations was investigated by dividing the region into a number of boxes. For any given box, the sum of the horizontal advective fluxes of temperature (salinity) through all sides of the box is on the same order as the vertical heat (salt) flux at the surface, interior nudging term, and the rate of time variation of the box integrated temperature (salinity). The comparison of the basic structure of the model surface circulation, sea-surface heights and total transport values through the main passages with observations appears satisfactory

Institution:

• U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.


• Department of Marine Science, The University of Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, U.S.A.

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Technorati : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Del.icio.us : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Ice Rocket : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Flickr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Zooomr : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features
Buzznet : Equatorial Counter Current, Halmahera Sea, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Seas, Indonesian Through Flow, Makassar Strait, Mindanao Current, Pacifc Water, Princeton Ocean Model, circulation model, currents distributions, distributions, salinity distributions, sea-surface, temperature distributions, topographic features

Author:
Delphine Nobileau,
David Antoine Laboratoire

Institution:
Océanographie de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche sur mer, France

Abstract
An algorithm is presented, which is designed to identify blue-absorbing aerosols from near infrared and visible remote-sensing observations, as they are in particular collected by satellite ocean color sensors. The technique basically consists in determining an error budget at one wavelength around 510 nm, based on a first-guess estimation of the atmospheric path reflectance as if the atmosphere was of a maritime type, and on a reasonable hypothesis about the marine signal at this wavelength. The budget also includes the typical calibration uncertainty and the natural variability in the ocean optical properties. Identification of blue-absorbing aerosols is then achieved when the error budget demonstrates a significant over-correction of the atmospheric signal when using non-absorbing maritime aerosols. Implementation of the algorithm is presented, and its application to real observations by the MERIS and SeaWiFS ocean color sensors is discussed. The results demonstrate the skill of the algorithm in various regions of the ocean where absorbing aerosols are present, and for two different sensors. A validation of the results is also performed against in situ data from the AERONET, and further illustrates the skill of the algorithm and its general applicability.

Publisher:
Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Year:
2005

Keywords:
Blue-absorbing aerosols; Near infrared; Visible remote sensing; Ocean color

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Technorati : Blue, Near infrared, Visible remote sensing, aerosols, ocean color

Type :
Report

Opening/Summary:
The Eastern Indonesia Tuna Fishery Data Collection Workshop was held at the headquarters of the Research Center for Capture Fisheries in Jakarta, from 30 to 31 January 2007. The workshop was attended by 29 participants from five Indonesian government agencies, industry, Australia, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, the Secretariat of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission and other agencies (see Appendix III).

The workshop was part of the Indonesia and Philippines Data Collection Project, which was developed by the Preparatory Conference for the Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific (Anon. 2003) and adopted by the WCPFC in December 2005. The objectives of the IPDCP are (1) to collect and compile data that can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the assessments of tuna stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and (2) to improve the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Philippines and Indonesia so that both countries will be able to fulfill their future obligations in regard to the provision of fisheries data to the Commission.

Prior to the workshop, during 2005 and 2006, a review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system in Indonesia was conducted as part of the IPDCP by Mr Craig Proctor of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation of Australia and Mr Budi Nugraha of RCCF and the Research Institute for Marine Fisheries of Indonesia. The objectives of the
workshop were to consider the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system, and to draft recommendations for the improvement of tuna fishery data collection.

Funding for the IPDCP has been provided by Chinese Taipei, France, New Zealand and the United States of America. The review of the tuna fisheries and the current statistical system was funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research and CSIRO. Dr Wudianto, Director of RCCF, welcomed the participants and introduced the opening speaker, Dr
Indroyono Soesilo, Chairman of the Marine and Fisheries Research Agency.

Dr Soesilo spoke of Indonesias participation in regional fisheries management organisations, such as CCSBT and IOTC, and of the benefits that have accrued to Indonesia through collaboration with those organisations, particularly in regard to the monitoring of tuna fisheries in the Indian Ocean waters of Indonesia. Such monitoring should be replicated in Eastern Indonesia and, in this regard, he proposed establishing a tuna monitoring station, similar to the station in Benoa, for Eastern
Indonesia in Manado. He noted that Indonesia was in the process of becoming a member of WCPFC and that Indonesia intended to participate very actively. Dr Soesilo gave a warm welcome to the participants and wished them success in their deliberations. Dr SungKwon Soh welcomed the participants on behalf of the WCPFC Secretariat, SPC and CSIRO.

Publisher:
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia

Year:
February 2007

Keyword:
Tuna, Regional Fisheries, CCSBT, WCPFC, CSIRO, IOTC, Indonesia, Fishery

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