Author:

Antonius B. Wijanarto
Geomatics Researcher of BAKOSURTANAL-Indonesia

Abstarct:

Change detection is one of multi temporal analysis in remote sensing that is important for studying the dynamics of environment. Change detection is useful in many applications such as land use changes, habitat fragmentation, rate of deforestation, coastal change, urban sprawl, and other cumulative changes through spatial and temporal analysis techniques such as GIS and Remote Sensing along with digital image processing technique. Markov Change Detection is one
application of change detection that can be used to predict future changes based on the rates of past change. The method is based on probability that a given piece of land will change from one mutually exclusive state to another. These probabilities are generated from past changes and then applied to predict future change.

Publisher:

Jurnal Ilmiah Geomatika Vol. 12, No. 1 Agustus 2006

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Author:

G.P. Patil

Center for Statistical Ecology and Environmental Statistics
Department of Statistics
The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
http://www.stat.psu.edu/~gpp

 

Content:

1. Multiple and Single Raster Map Analysis

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Setting the Geospatial Raster Stage

1.3 Digital FrontierMovement in Federal Government

1.4 Digital ResearchMovement in Academic Community

1.5 Prospectus

1. Inhouse Prototype Studies and Interactive Case Studies
2. Ecosystem Health Assessment of Landscapes and Watersheds with Remote
   Sensing Data
3. Landscape Patterns and Their Comparison
4. Classified Raster Map Modeling and Simulation with Hierarchical Markov
   Transition Matrix Models
5. Classified Raster Map Analysis for Assessment of Accuracy and Change Detection
   of Landcover and Landuse Maps
6. Analyzing Spatial Variation in Quantitative Data and Determining Contexts
   of Temporal Changes and Class Errors Using Echelon Analysis
7. Integrated Regional Assessment, Model Prediction and Regional Scale Comparison
   Involving Classified Raster Maps
8. Information Visualization, Understanding and Communication
9. Pattern-Based Compression of Remotely Sensed Multi-band Image Data
10. Synergistic Workplan
11. Knowledge Sharing and Technology Transfer
12. References

Publisher:

stat.psu.edu

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Author:

Ngyyen Kim Loi
Watershed and Environmental Management,
Nong Lam University (NLU), Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNA

 

Abstract:

Decision makers today need to be able to rapidly find good solutions to increasingly complex problems. Optimization based on decision support system (DSS) can help decision makers to meet this challenge. Building such systems, however, is expensive and time consuming.The use of decision support system (DSS), linear programming (LP), and geographic information system (GIS) for sustainable watershed management in Dong Nai watershed is presented. A general statement of system requirement for DSS has been conceptualized to provide a set of core requirement and behavior for DSS for mutil-criteria decision
making in sustainable watershed management. Classes of decision elements for the analysis of decision problems and of other DSS components are identified. This paper investigated also how demographic (socioeconomic) and land-use (physical and environmental) data can be integrated within a multi-scaled decision
support system framework to formulate and evaluate land-use planning scenarios. A case study approach is undertaken using ‘what-if’ planning scenarios for a Dong Nai Watershed, Vietnam. This paper has not only briefly outlined the three future land use scenarios comprised within the framework but also has generally methodology in developing decision support system (DSS) for sustainable land use allocation. Scenario A - ‘Future trend scenario’ is based on existing socio-economic trends. Scenario B – ‘Maximization land allocation scenario’ will be derived using maximizing modelling of land valuation data. Scenario C –
‘Sustainable Development’ will be derived using a number of environmental layers and assigning weightings of importance to each layer using a multiple criteria analysis (MCA) approach. The ‘what-if’ planning scenarios was expected through the use of maps and tables within a geographical information system (GIS), which delineate future possible land-use location - allocations. Each of the scenarios and their underlying model will be applied to the Dong Nai watershed, Vietnam.

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Author : Kazuo Oki, Yoshifumi Yasuoka, and K. Tokumura

Content:

• Chlorophyll-a Estimation Model,
• Spectral Reflectance at Lake,
• Measurement of Spectral Reflectance,
• Remove the Effect of Specular Reflection,
• Specular Reflection Model,

Abstract A remote sensing method to estimate distribution of rich chlorophyll concentration in takes or inland seas in proposed. First, the basic relationship the chlorophyll concentration and the spectral reflectance of water was investigated. As a result, chlorophyll estimation model was derived using the ratio of spectral reflectance at two different wavelengths of 675 nm (red range) and 700 nm (near-infrared range). It was found that the spectral signature of near infrared range is investigate the behaviour of the proposed model was used in rich chlorophyll water types. Furthermore, the amount of specular reflection from the water surface was assessed based on the spectral signature data measured above and below the water surface. The percentage of specular reflection was evaluated at least 20% of the total radiance at the surface within the range of 400nm. Finally a method to remove the effect of specular reflection at the water surface was investigated for the proposed model. The model for specular reflection was proposed to eliminate its effect and to improve chlorophyll estimation accuracy.

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Author:
ZUBAIR, AYODEJI OPEYEMI

 

ABSTRACT
This project examines the use of GIS and Remote Sensing in mapping Land Use Land Cover in Ilorin between 1972 and 2001 so as to detect the changes that has taken place in this status between these periods. Subsequently, an attempt was made at projecting the observed land use land cover in the next 14 years. In achieving this, Land Consumption Rate and Land Absorption Coefficient were introduced to aid in the quantitative assessment of the change. The result of the work shows a rapid growth in built-up land between 1972 and 1986 while the periods between 1986 and 2001 witnessed a reduction in this class. It was also observed that change by 2015 may likely follow the trend in 1986/2001. Suggestions were therefore made at the end of the work on ways to use the information as contained therein optimally.

 

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY,
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE
AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSc) DEGREE IN
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
OCTOBER, 2006

 

Free Donwload Link to Article: http://www.gisdevelopment.net/thesis/OpeyemiZubair_ThesisPDF.pdf

 

 

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Author :

Achilleas Psomas, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Mathias Kneubühler, Tobias Kellenbergerand Klaus Itten

 

ABSTRACT
Dry grasslands in Switzerland are species-rich habitats resulting from a traditional agricultural land use. Almost 40% of plant and in some cases over 50% of the animal species present on dry grasslands are included in the red lists, and are classified as endangered or threatened.  Furthermore, it is estimated that about 90% of dry grassland in Switzerland have been transformed to other land cover types over the past 60 years. Existing grasslands are managed differently depending on the region and the lower-altitude communities range from very dry and nutrient-poor to mesic and nutrient-rich conditions. There is a need to better understand the seasonal variation of the reflectance properties of these grassland ecosystems in order to develop efficient and reliable tools for mapping, evaluating and monitoring within the framework of a national inventory. In this study, we examined the potential use of remote sensing for monitoring the development of these grasslands during their growing season. In addition, we investigated the optimal points in time during the growing season for discriminating the different grassland types spectrally. For this purpose a field spectrometer, the Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec Pro FR, was used to collect reflectance data from 12 sample fields (4 grassland types) in 12 time steps at the Cantons of Aargau and Chur. The measurements examined were from the beginning of March until the beginning of October 2004. The 4 grassland types cover the wetness / nutrient gradient. The revisiting period of the sample areas was approximately 10-14 days depending on the weather conditions. Analysis for statistically significant differences in reflectance was performed between the vegetation types during the growing season. Continuum removal analysis was used as a spectral transformation method in addition to the original reflectance spectra. After the statistical significant bands between the grassland types were found, Classification and Regression Trees (CART) were used to select the bands that could optimally be used to discriminate the different types. Finally, using the bands selected from the CART analysis, the separability of the grassland types during the season was estimated using the Jeffries-Matusita (JM) distance. Our results demonstrate that there is seasonal variation in the spectral reflectance of the grasslands. Furthermore, the potential of using spectral information for discriminating different grassland types changes during the growing period.

 

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Below are some of Free Journal GIS and Remote Sensing Article compile from GISAP

Ross, L.G., Mendoza QM, E.A., & Beveridge, M.C.M. 1993. The application of geographical information systems to site selection for coastal aquaculture: an example base on salmonid cage culture. Aquaculture, 112, 165-178.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. and Ross, L.G. 1993. Aquaculture development and Geographical Information Systems. Mapping Awareness and GIS Europe. 7 (4) 49-52.	Download (PDF)
Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 1995. Is a better strategy necessary for development of native species for aquaculture? A Mexican case study. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. 26: 539-547.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., and Ross, L.G. 1995. Managing Aquaculture Development: The role of GIS in environmental studies for aquaculture. GIS World. 8: (3), 52-56.	Download (PDF)
Nath, S.S, Bolte, J.P., Ross, L.G. and Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. 2000. Applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) For Spatial Decision Support in Aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering. 23: 233-278.	Download (PDF)
M. Abdus Salam, Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2000. Eco-tourism to protect the reserve mangrove forest of the Sundarbans and its flora and fauna. Anatolia. 11: (1), 56-66.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C., Beveridge, M.C.M. and Ross, L.G. 2002. Geographical information systems (GIS) as a simple tool to aid modelling of particulate waste distribution at marine fish cage sites. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 54: 761-768.	Download (PDF)
Perez, O.M., Telfer, T.C and Ross, L.G. 2002. Optimización de la acuicultura marina de jaulas flotantes en Tenerife, Islas Canarias, mediante el uso de modelos basados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Revista AquaTIC. 17: October 2002.	Download (PDF)
Salam, M. A., Ross, L.G., and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2003. A comparison of development opportunities for crab and shrimp aquaculture in South-western Bangladesh, using GIS modelling. Aquaculture. 220: 477-494.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., del Campo Barquin, L.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2003. Water quality requirements for marine fish cage site selection in Tenerife (Canary Islands): predictive modelling and analysis using GIS. Aquaculture. 224: 51-68.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. On the calculation of wave climate for offshore cage culture site selection: A case study in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Aquacultural Engineering. 29: 1-21.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O. M. Telfer, T. C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. Use of GIS-based models for integrating and developing marine fish cages within the tourism industry in Tenerife (Canary Islands).	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2005. Geographical information systems-based models for offshore floating marine fish cage aquaculture site selection in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Aquaculture Research. 36: 946-961.	Download (PDF)
Corner, R.A., Brooker, A., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2006. A fully integrated GIS-based model of particulate waste distribution from marine fish-cage sites. Aquaculture. 258, 299-311.	Download (PDF)

 

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Author:
B. Sauvage ; R. V. Martin ; A. van Donkelaar ; X. Liu ; K. Chance ; L. Jaeglé ; P. I. Palmer ; S. Wu ; T.-M. Fu

Abstract:
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O₃, NO₂, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O₃, CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O₃ from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NO_x and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O₃ in the upper troposphere by 5-20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1-4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O₃ columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO₂ and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide top-down constraints on emission inventories of NO_x (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The top-down biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NO_x over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O₃ by 5-20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O₃ columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dynamical schemes (GEOS-3 and GEOS-4) is evaluated versus observations; GEOS-4 better represents O₃ observations by 5-15 ppbv, reflecting enhanced convective detrainment in the upper troposphere. Heterogeneous uptake of HNO₃ on aerosols reduces simulated O₃ by 5-7 ppbv, reducing a model bias versus in situ observations over and downwind of deserts. Exclusion of HO₂ uptake on aerosols increases O₃ by 5 ppbv in biomass burning regions, reducing a model bias versus MOZAIC aircraft measurements.

Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Issn: 16807316
EIssn: 16807324
Year: 2007
Volume: 7
Issue: 3

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Technorati : GEOS-3, GEOS-4, GEOS-Chem, MOZAIC

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MOUNTAIN VIEW, California: Google and Intel are leading a consortium of major technology companies in an effort to sharply reduce the amount of power wasted by personal computers and servers.

The energy-saving effort, announced Tuesday, is called the Climate Savers Computing Initiative. It will also include a large-scale campaign to educate consumers and corporate computer managers about technology's role in the emission of greenhouse gases.

Companies agreeing to Climate Savers standards will try to build machines that are at least 90 percent efficient in their power use by promoting new technologies, setting new standards and encouraging more efficient use by consumers.

"I think we can make a very large impact very quickly," said Larry Page, who founded Google with Sergey Brin. "All of this is doable today. We're just taking the opportunity to shoot for a higher bar."

The initiative has received the support of IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Dell, Advanced Micro Devices, Sun Microsystems and Microsoft, among others. It is also supported by the National Wildlife Federation and the Environmental Protection Agency.

The group envisions better power management in computers, roughly equivalent to taking 11 million cars off the highway, according to Patrick Gelsinger, senior vice president in charge of Intel's digital enterprise group.

Gelsinger said that the new technologies could result in price increases for consumers of about $20 a computer, but that customers would make up for the extra expense in energy savings within a year or two. Proposed rebates from utility companies will probably allow customers to recoup the additional expense even more quickly, he said.

In a separate development, Intel is expected to cut prices on some of its higher-end processors in July to make room for new power-saving chip technology expected in the second half of the year.

Gelsinger declined to comment on the reports of impending price cuts, but company officials said Intel routinely reduces prices throughout the year.

Intel will cut prices of high-performance server processors sometime in July. The price cuts will come as Intel is preparing to introduce a new chip family this autumn called Penryn, which promises a significant increase in performance without consuming more power.

But unlike the price cuts of last year, which set off a price war with Advanced Micro Devices, these price cuts are more routine, analysts say.

Henri Richard, executive vice president of Advanced Micro, said that his company had announced its own plans for price reductions.

Source :

http://www.iht.com/

Others :

Google and Intel in Climate Discussion LINK

Rich Internet Application make Spalsh LINK

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