Author:

Cheng-Liang Chang,

Jui-Chin Chang

Original Tittle:

Applications of Markov Model and Cellular Automata for Vegetation Recovery Simulation: A Case Study of Mount Jiou Jiou Area

Abstract:

The recovery of vegetation is the most significant landscape in the terrestrial globe. In recent years it has been changed rapidly due to human socio-economic growth and environmental impact. Therefore, many research methods have been applied so as to comprehend and forecast these dynamic changes.  This paper intends to apply some of theses methods and processes to quantify the change of vegetation recovery in Mount Jiou Jiou area. First of all, the graphic data of study area is collected by using the SPOT satellite images of four representative periods (Mar.1999, Oct.1999, Nov.2002 and Nov.2005).  Subsequently the vegetation types and their changes are examined through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis. Second, the Geographic Information System (GIS) technology is adopted to recognize the distributions of different vegetation types, characteristics of topography and their correlation. Finally, by combining the methods of Markov chains and Cellular automata this study models and simulates the spatio-temporal change of vegetation recovery. The results can be summarized as follow: (1) After 921 earthquake, 80% of vegetation on Mount Jiou Jiou area was destroyed seriously in 1999, therefore the index of NDVI was very low. After that, the vegetation is recovered gradually for recent years under stable weather conditions. (2) The healing situation of vegetation is intensely affected by geomorphologic factors, such as height, slope and aspect. (3).After comparing two models testing, the present study shows that CA-Markov model is more suitable for simulating the change trend of vegetation recovery.

Language:

Chinese

Publisher:

Journal of Geographical Research No.45, November 2006

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Author : Kazuo Oki, Yoshifumi Yasuoka, and K. Tokumura

Content:

• Chlorophyll-a Estimation Model,
• Spectral Reflectance at Lake,
• Measurement of Spectral Reflectance,
• Remove the Effect of Specular Reflection,
• Specular Reflection Model,

Abstract A remote sensing method to estimate distribution of rich chlorophyll concentration in takes or inland seas in proposed. First, the basic relationship the chlorophyll concentration and the spectral reflectance of water was investigated. As a result, chlorophyll estimation model was derived using the ratio of spectral reflectance at two different wavelengths of 675 nm (red range) and 700 nm (near-infrared range). It was found that the spectral signature of near infrared range is investigate the behaviour of the proposed model was used in rich chlorophyll water types. Furthermore, the amount of specular reflection from the water surface was assessed based on the spectral signature data measured above and below the water surface. The percentage of specular reflection was evaluated at least 20% of the total radiance at the surface within the range of 400nm. Finally a method to remove the effect of specular reflection at the water surface was investigated for the proposed model. The model for specular reflection was proposed to eliminate its effect and to improve chlorophyll estimation accuracy.

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Below are some of Free Journal GIS and Remote Sensing Article compile from GISAP

Ross, L.G., Mendoza QM, E.A., & Beveridge, M.C.M. 1993. The application of geographical information systems to site selection for coastal aquaculture: an example base on salmonid cage culture. Aquaculture, 112, 165-178.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. and Ross, L.G. 1993. Aquaculture development and Geographical Information Systems. Mapping Awareness and GIS Europe. 7 (4) 49-52.	Download (PDF)
Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 1995. Is a better strategy necessary for development of native species for aquaculture? A Mexican case study. Aquaculture and Fisheries Management. 26: 539-547.	Download (PDF)
Aguilar-Manjarrez, J., and Ross, L.G. 1995. Managing Aquaculture Development: The role of GIS in environmental studies for aquaculture. GIS World. 8: (3), 52-56.	Download (PDF)
Nath, S.S, Bolte, J.P., Ross, L.G. and Aguilar-Manjarrez, J. 2000. Applications of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) For Spatial Decision Support in Aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering. 23: 233-278.	Download (PDF)
M. Abdus Salam, Ross, L.G. and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2000. Eco-tourism to protect the reserve mangrove forest of the Sundarbans and its flora and fauna. Anatolia. 11: (1), 56-66.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C., Beveridge, M.C.M. and Ross, L.G. 2002. Geographical information systems (GIS) as a simple tool to aid modelling of particulate waste distribution at marine fish cage sites. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 54: 761-768.	Download (PDF)
Perez, O.M., Telfer, T.C and Ross, L.G. 2002. Optimización de la acuicultura marina de jaulas flotantes en Tenerife, Islas Canarias, mediante el uso de modelos basados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). Revista AquaTIC. 17: October 2002.	Download (PDF)
Salam, M. A., Ross, L.G., and Beveridge, M.C.M. 2003. A comparison of development opportunities for crab and shrimp aquaculture in South-western Bangladesh, using GIS modelling. Aquaculture. 220: 477-494.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., del Campo Barquin, L.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2003. Water quality requirements for marine fish cage site selection in Tenerife (Canary Islands): predictive modelling and analysis using GIS. Aquaculture. 224: 51-68.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. On the calculation of wave climate for offshore cage culture site selection: A case study in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Aquacultural Engineering. 29: 1-21.	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O. M. Telfer, T. C. and Ross, L. G. 2003. Use of GIS-based models for integrating and developing marine fish cages within the tourism industry in Tenerife (Canary Islands).	Download (PDF)
Pérez, O.M., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2005. Geographical information systems-based models for offshore floating marine fish cage aquaculture site selection in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Aquaculture Research. 36: 946-961.	Download (PDF)
Corner, R.A., Brooker, A., Telfer, T.C. and Ross, L.G. 2006. A fully integrated GIS-based model of particulate waste distribution from marine fish-cage sites. Aquaculture. 258, 299-311.	Download (PDF)

Author:
B. Sauvage ; R. V. Martin ; A. van Donkelaar ; X. Liu ; K. Chance ; L. Jaeglé ; P. I. Palmer ; S. Wu ; T.-M. Fu

Abstract:
We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate the consistency of satellite measurements of lightning flashes and ozone precursors with in situ measurements of tropical tropospheric ozone. The measurements are tropospheric O₃, NO₂, and HCHO columns from the GOME satellite instrument, lightning flashes from the OTD and LIS satellite instruments, profiles of O₃, CO, and relative humidity from the MOZAIC aircraft program, and profiles of O₃ from the SHADOZ ozonesonde network. We interpret these multiple data sources with our model to better understand what controls tropical tropospheric ozone. Tropical tropospheric ozone is mainly affected by lightning NO_x and convection in the upper troposphere and by surface emissions in the lower troposphere. Scaling the spatial distribution of lightning in the model to the observed flashes improves the simulation of O₃ in the upper troposphere by 5-20 ppbv versus in situ observations and by 1-4 Dobson Units versus GOME retrievals of tropospheric O₃ columns. A lightning source strength of 6±2 Tg N/yr best represents in situ observations from aircraft and ozonesonde. Tropospheric NO₂ and HCHO columns from GOME are applied to provide top-down constraints on emission inventories of NO_x (biomass burning and soils) and VOCs (biomass burning). The top-down biomass burning inventory is larger than the bottom-up inventory by a factor of 2 for HCHO and alkenes, and by a factor of 2.6 for NO_x over northern equatorial Africa. These emissions increase lower tropospheric O₃ by 5-20 ppbv, improving the simulation versus aircraft observations, and by 4 Dobson Units versus GOME observations of tropospheric O₃ columns. Emission factors in the a posteriori inventory are more consistent with a recent compilation from in situ measurements. The ozone simulation using two different dynamical schemes (GEOS-3 and GEOS-4) is evaluated versus observations; GEOS-4 better represents O₃ observations by 5-15 ppbv, reflecting enhanced convective detrainment in the upper troposphere. Heterogeneous uptake of HNO₃ on aerosols reduces simulated O₃ by 5-7 ppbv, reducing a model bias versus in situ observations over and downwind of deserts. Exclusion of HO₂ uptake on aerosols increases O₃ by 5 ppbv in biomass burning regions, reducing a model bias versus MOZAIC aircraft measurements.

Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Issn: 16807316
EIssn: 16807324
Year: 2007
Volume: 7
Issue: 3

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Technorati : GEOS-3, GEOS-4, GEOS-Chem, MOZAIC

Author: Blišťan Peter

Abstract:

Thematic maps, models and space simulations 3D are frequent form of geological data in GIS. Thematic maps and spatial should represent models date quantitative and qualitative measurement and ground laboratory study in an appropriate form. Point line of the use of trademarks and form of qualitative dates in a practice.On creating thematic maps, models and computer simulations to work together. Researchers and engineers from various special-oriented (geologist, surveyors, builder, ecology, programmer) working together on the creation of thematic maps, the different models and computer simulation. It is important that all the directions and methodological principles were observed in the creation of GIS because GIS can be accumulated in practice not to use.

Journal: Acta Montanistica Slovaca Year: 2007 Vol: 12 Issue: speci 3

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Technorati : geology ; data ; Geographic information systems ; model ; simulation ; thematic maps

Author:
Gustafson Carl ;
Bug William ;
Nissanov Jonathan

Abstract

Background

Biomedical three-dimensional images sets are becoming ubiquitous, and the atlas canonical providing the framework for spatial analysis. To take full advantage of this 3D image sets, we must be able to present the views 2D display, or the surface of records or 2D cross-sections through the data. Typical of the software is limited to presentations on one of the three orthogonal axes anatomical (coronal, sagittal or horizontal). However, the data sets specifically oriented along the major roads are rare. To make full use of these data, one must reasonably reflect the atlas guidance, which implies resampling in the atlas planes compared with the data set. Traditionally, this requires the atlas and the browser are on the user's desktop, unfortunately, in addition to being monolithic programs, these tools often require substantial resources. In this article, we describe a network capable, and client part of the deal and 3D visualization atlases at off-axis angles, with a score of architecture and development kit to facilitate their integration in complex environments data analysis.

Results

Here, we describe the basic architecture of a client / server 3D visualization system, consisting of a thin client built on a Java Development Kit, and a calculation robust, high-performance server written in ANSI C + +. The client Java components (NetOStat) support arbitrary viewing angle and manage readily available on desktop computers running Mac OS X, Windows XP or Linux in a downloadable Java Application. Using the NeuroTerrain Software Development Kit (SDK NT), Atlas of sophisticated navigation can be added to any application compatible Java requiring as little as 50 lines of Java code glue, which makes it eminently re-useable and more accessible to programmers build more complex, the tools for analyzing biomedical data. The NT-SDK separates interactive GUI components from the server control and monitoring, in order to support the development of non-interactive applications. The application server takes full advantage of the data center of high performance equipment, which can be located together with centrally-located, 3D data repositories, expanding access to the research community through the Internet.

Conclusion

The combination of a server optimized and modular platform independent client offers an ideal environment for 3D visualization complex biomedical data, taking full advantage of high-performance servers to prepare imagery and subsets of metadata for display, as well as the graphical capabilities in Java to actually display the data.

Journal: BMC Bioinformatics Year: 2007 Vol: 8 Issue: 1

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Technorati : 3D data repositories, 3D image, biomedical data, spatial analysis

Author:
Lynch Andy ;
Neal David ;
Kelly John ;
Burtt Glyn ;
Thorne Natalie

Abstract

Background
There are mechanisms, including ozone degradation, which can damage a single channel of two-channel microarray experiments. Analysis therefore often choose between unacceptable inclusion of the poor quality of data or exclusion of certain unpleasant (perhaps a lot of) good quality data as well as the bad. Two of these approaches will be a single channel using some data analysis of all tables, and an analysis of all data, but only about paintings unchanged. In this paper we examine a "combined" approach to the analysis of these experiments affected that uses all the data unchanged.

Results
A simulation experience shows that if a single channel performs an analysis relatively well while the majority of the tables are affected, and the exclusion of affected tables performs relatively well when some tables are affected (as would be expected in both cases) the combined approach performs both off. There are advantages to actively pursue the estimation of the key parameters of the approach, but if they offset the rising cost of computation and complexity of more than just setting parameter to a fixed value n ' is unclear. The inclusion data affected ozone results in poor performance, with a clear purpose in the apparent damage.

Conclusion
It is not necessary to exclude data not allocated, in order to remove those that are damaged. The combined approach discussed here is displayed on the outside make more usual approach, but it seems that if the damage is limited to very few tables, or spreads almost everything, then the benefits will be limited. In other circumstances, however, major improvements in performance can be achieved through the adoption of such an approach.

Journal : BMC Bioinformatics [Year: 2007 ; Volume: 8; Issue: 1]

Author:
K. W. Smith ;
A. L. Aretxabaleta

Abstract:
Expectation maximization (EM) was used to estimate the parameters of a Gaussian mixture model spatial data series. The method is presented as an alternative and complement to Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The weight, combining points with time component distributions are used to distinguish the physical regimes. The method is applied to data equatorial Pacific surface temperature of the sea from the TAO / TRITON mooring series. Indeed, the EM algorithm partitions of the time series in El Niño, La Niña and normal conditions. The EM method leads to a clear interpretation of the variability associated with each basic scheme of analysis EOF.

Journal: Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics

Technorati : El Niño, La Niña

Author:
Hennessy Deborah ;
Hicks Carolyn ;
Hilan Aflah ;
Kawonal Yoanna

Abstract

Background

Indonesia's recent economic and political history has left a legacy of widespread poverty and serious health problems, and has contributed to marked inequalities in health care. One means of responding to these challenges has been through a reconsideration of the professional roles of nurses, to enable them to deal with the range and complexity of health problems. However, there are currently a number of obstacles to achieving these aims: there is a serious shortfall in trained nurses; the majority of nurses have only limited education and preparation for the role; and there is no central registration of nurses, which means that it is impossible to regulate either the profession or the standards of care. This study aimed to establish the occupational profiles of each grade of nurse, identify their training and development needs and ascertain whether any differences existed between nurses working in different regions or within hospital or community settings.

Methods

An established and psychometrically valid questionnaire was administered to 524 nurses, covering three grades and coming from five provinces.

Results

Significant differences in job profile were found in nurses from different provinces, suggesting that the nature of the role is determined to some degree by the geographical location of practice. The roles of hospital and community nurses, and the different grades of nurse, were fairly similar. All nurses reported significant training needs for all 40 tasks, although these did not vary greatly between grade of nurse. The training needs of nurses from each of the provinces were quite distinct, while those of hospital nurses were greater than those of community nurses.

Conclusion

The results suggest that the role of the nurse is not as diverse as might be expected, given the different levels of preparation and training and the diversity of their work environments. This may reflect the lack of a central registration system and quality framework, which would normally regulate clinical activities according to qualifications. The differences in training needs between subsections of the sample highlight the importance of identifying skills deficits and using this information to develop customized post-registration education programmes. Together, these results provide a rigorous and reliable approach to defining the occupational roles and continuing education needs of Indonesian nurses.

Published by :
Human Resources for Health, 4:10doi:10.1186/1478-4491-4-10
Issn: 14784491
Year: 2006
Volume: 4

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Technorati : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training
Del.icio.us : Education, Health, Indonesia, Nurse, hospital, psychometric, training

Author:
Ken Moule
Exa-Min Resource Industry Consultants Pty Ltd

Abstract:
This paper investigates models for management of extended Geosciences data sets, based on experience collating historic and current data sets to build a three dimensional model of the Gympie Eldorado Mine. Rather than migrate all data to restrictive GIS data structures, the consultants integrated a range of specialist and "off-the-shelf" applications, into a unified data management model. The GeoBasemap MapLinker product is being deployed to provide active, two-way links between the MapInfo GIS and third party applications. This model accommodates extended data types such as images, word processor documents and spreadsheets, as well as managing interaction with sensitive data via database forms, rather than allowing uncontrolled edit of attributes through traditional GIS interfaces. Exa-Min's experience in managing the complex Gympie data set has led to further refinement of the MapLinker product, that is now being deployed in the wider GIS community.

Published by :

Australian Institute of Geoscientists
AIG Journal - Applied geoscientific research and practice in Australia
Paper 2000-05 April 2000

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Technorati : AIG Journal, GIS, Mapinfo, database, gympie

Author:
M. R. Mulholland
Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, Virginia
23529-0276, USA

Abstract:
While we now know that N2 fixation is a significant source of new nitrogen (N) in the marine environment, little is known about the fate of this N (and associated C), despite the importance of diazotrophs to global carbon and nutrient cycles. Specifically, does N fixed during N2 fixation fuel autotrophic or heterotrophic growth and thus facilitate carbon (C) export from the euphotic zone, or does it contribute primarily to bacterial productivity and respiration in the euphotic zone? For Trichodesmium, the diazotroph we know the most about, the transfer of recently fixed N2 (and C) appears to be primarily through dissolved pools. The release of N varies among and within populations and as a result of the changing physiological state of cells and populations. The net result of trophic transfers appears to depend on the co-occurring organisms and the complexity of the colonizing community. In order to understand the impact of diazotrophy on carbon flow and export in marine systems, we need a better understanding of the trophic flow of elements in Trichodesmium- dominated communities and other diazotrophic communities under various defined physiological states. Nitrogen and carbon fixation rates themselves vary by orders of magnitude within and among studies of Trichodesmium, highlighting the difficulty in extrapolating global rates of N2 fixation from direct measurements. Because the stoichiometry of N2 and C fixation does not appear to be in balance with that of particles, and the relationship between C and N2 fixation rates is also variable, it is equally difficult to derive global rates of one from the other. This paper seeks to synthesize what is known about the fate of diazotrophic production in the environment. A better understanding of the physiology and physiological ecology of Trichodesmium and other marine diazotrophs is necessary to quantify and predict the effects of increased or decreased diazotrophy in the context of the carbon cycle and global change.

Published by :
Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
Biogeosciences, 4, 37-51, 2007

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Technorati : N2 Fixation, Nitrogen, autotroph, carbon cycle, carbon flow, diazotroph, global change, marine, n2, ocean, trophic flow

Author:
A. Gnanadesikan (1), J. L. Russell (2), and Fanrong Zeng (3)

1) NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
2) Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
3) RSIS, Princeton, NJ, USA

Abstract:
Since the upper ocean takes up much of the heat added to the earth system by anthropogenic global warming, one would expect that global warming would lead to an increase in stratification and a decrease in the ventilation of the ocean interior. However, multiple simulations in global coupled climate models using an ideal age tracer which is set to zero in the mixed layer and ages at 1 yr/yr outside this layer show that the intermediate depths in the low latitudes, Northwest Atlantic, and parts of the Arctic Ocean become younger under global warming. This paper reconciles these apparently ontradictory trends, showing that the decreases result from changes in the relative contributions of old deep waters and younger surface waters. Implications for the tropical oxygen minimum zones, which play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling are considered in detail.

Published by :

Copernicus GmbH on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

Ocean Science., 3, 43-53, 2007
© Author(s) 2007. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

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Technorati : Northwest Atlantic, Oxygen, anthropogenic, artic ocean, biogeochemical, climate model, cycling, deep water, global warming, mixed layer, ocean, surface waer

Author:
Andrew Thomas, (School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Libby Hall 213, Orono, ME 04469-5741, US)
Deirdre Byrne,
Ryan Weatherbee

Abstract
A time series of 23 Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) band 6 thermal infrared images over the period 1986-1996 is used to quantify variability of sea surface temperature (SST) along the central coast of Maine, a morphologically complex region of bays, estuaries, and islands. An iterative regression scheme using coregistered, temporally coincident, daily composites of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder SST data is used to scale the TM digital numbers in each scene to SST, approximating an atmospheric correction. This approach provides temporally concurrent match-ups, even for Landsat scenes more than 10 years old and over 1000 data points to most regressions. Analysis of the TM scenes by year-day delivers temporal resolution sufficient for insight into overall seasonal pattern and allows identification of recurring seasonal features within the study area. The dominant seasonal patterns is a cross-shelf SST gradient of coldest water nearshore in winter which reverses sign in summer and disappears in spring and fall. Differences in summer SST are evident between four adjacent bays, attributable to differences in residual circulation, freshwater input, and flushing. Recurrent frontal zones evident in summer are identified and compare well to available but noncoincident in situ hydrographic data.

Publisher:
2002 Elsevier Science Inc.

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Technorati : AVHRR, Fishery, Indonesia, Landsat, Oceanography, Thematic Mapper, Visible remote sensing, hydrographic data, infrared, temperature distributions

Tittle:
Statistical detection and imaging of objects hidden in turbid media using ballistic photons

Author:
Sina Farsiu,
James Christofferson,
Brian Eriksson,
Peyman Milanfar,
Benjamin Friedlander,
Ali Shakouri,
Robert Nowak

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Parameter Estimation of 2-D Random Amplitude Polynomial-Phase Signals

Author:
Joseph M. Francos
Benjamin Friedlander

Language/Country:
English

Abstract:

Tittle:
Offshore blooms of the red tide dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., in the Gulf of Maine

Author:
David W. Townsend,
Neal R. Pettigrew,
Andrew C. Thomas

Language/Country:
English

Abstract: